PEUGEOT Early History, Motorsport, Touring car racing, sports car racing, Pike's Peak hillclimb, Formula One, Concept Car, Motorcycle, Bicycle, Peugeot Street

An Overview of the Peugeot Models

The Peugeot 206 was created in the early 1990's with the replacement of the preceding 205 model. Peugeot changed their model under the idea that super mini cars were no longer profitable, therefore a change was in order. The Peugeot 206 did not immediately follow the 205 as the Peugeot 106, 306 and 309 models to capture different levels of sales from prospective customers. The Peugeot 106 was rivaling the Ford Fiesta and Volkswagen Polo with the 306 and 309 models taking the mid and top end sales from the discontinuation of the 205. Because of this, many Peugeot enthusiasts believe the 206 should have been named the 207. The 206, although created early was not released until 1998.

The Peugeot moniker indicates that the 206 immediately followed the 205, but this is not true as other models were released before the 206. The eventual successor, the 207, was finally launched n 2006, but Peugeot recently announced that the 206 will stay in production until the year 2010. The 206 is the best selling Peugeot of all time but the end of the model in the upcoming years will end the '06' generation of Peugeot cars in almost 20 years. The 206 was initially produced in France and England but production switched to Slovakia. The closure of the British plant matched with the closure of the Ryton plant, which Peugeot took over when Peugeot bought Chrysler's European division in 1979.

The Peugeot 306 replaced the 309. The 306 is very similar to the Citroen ZX, which was released to the public two years before the 306 model. Both cars used the same structure and floorplan. The 205 was styled after the Pininfarina styling and has been a better seller. In the 1974 oil crisis, Citroen went bankrupt and Peugeot took over Citroen. This led to the similarities and identical cars produced by both manufacturers.

The 306 Phase 1 came to the market in March of 1993 as a 3 and 5 door hatchback with three different models being offered. The five door was more of a station wagon and was dubbed the "sw" for station wagon. Although not nearly as stylish as the 205, the 306 offered many practical uses in the vehicle. The sw estate model was not a hatchback station wagon, but a sedan with luxurious European styling to accompany the Peugeot racing spirit.

The engines used in the Peugeot cars were offered both in a gasoline and a diesel model. The gasoline engines were four cylinder units, which gained their outstanding reputation from being the power plant in the ever popular Peugeot 205 model. The idea for the Peugeot engines was to have a fair trade off between performance and excellent fuel economy. Three larger capacity engines were available but were restricted to automatic and performance models.

The diesel engines in Peugeot came with an excellent reputation and were largely available in turbo charged models. The original engine displacement for the diesel engines came in a 1.8 liter, but was soon upgraded to a 1.9 liter. The turbocharged Peugeot diesel became an excellent fitting engine to match the 306 as the performance matched similarly sized gasoline cars. The considerable extra weight was overcome by the turbocharged performance.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/1128379

PEUGEOT Early History, Motorsport, Touring car racing, sports car racing, Pike's Peak hillclimb, Formula One, Concept Car, Motorcycle, Bicycle, Peugeot Street

Peugeot

Peugeot RCZ won five consecutive years Diesel Car magazine 'Sports Car of the Year' and Top Gear Coupe Year 2010
Peugeot (US / p U ʒ oʊ /; UK / p ɜr ʒ oʊ /; French pronunciation) is a French car brand, part of PSA Peugeot Citroën.

The family business that precedes the current Peugeot company was founded in 1810, and manufactured coffee mills and bicycles. On November 20, 1858, Emile Peugeot applied for the lion trademark. Armand Peugeot build the first car care, a reliable steam tricycle, in collaboration with Leon Serpollet in 1889; This was followed in 1890 by an internal combustion cars with Panhard - Daimler. Because the engine family disputes, Armand Peugeot in 1896 founded the Société des Automobiles Peugeot.

Peugeot company and family who came from Sochaux, France. Peugeot retains a large manufacturing plant and Peugeot Museum there. In February 2014, the shareholders agreed to the recapitalization plan, in which Dongfeng Motors and the French government each bought a 14% stake in the company.

Peugeot has received many international awards for vehicles, including four European Car of the Year awards. In 2013 and 2014, Peugeot ranks at the second lowest average CO2 emissions among the generalist brands in Europe, Renault group car maker into the first rank, with 114.9g CO 2 / km. Peugeot is known as a brand that is highly reliable, citing how the 1950 and 1960 models are still running in Africa or Cuba in the 2010s, in which Peugeot called Lion.

Peugeot has an impressive history in motor sport for more than a century. Peugeot Sport won the World Rally Championship five times, the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup twice (2010, 2011), surpassing Toyota and Audi, the Endurance World Championship twice (1992, 1993), and Intercontinental Rally Challenge Championship three times. Over the past year, Peugeot Sport has surpassed the record set in the climb to Pikes Peak with a Peugeot 208 T16 driven by Sébastien Loeb, and got the winner three of the Peugeot 208 GTi in its class at the 24 Hours Nürburgring race. In 2015, Peugeot returned to Dakar Rally after four victories in the 1980s.

 

Early history

Peugeot family of Valentigney, Montbéliard, Franche-Comté, France, started in the business of manufacturing in the 18th century. In 1842, they added production of coffee, pepper, and salt grinders. The entry of companies into the market is the vehicle by means of crinoline dresses, which used steel rods, leading to umbrella frames, saw blades, wire wheels, and ultimately bicycles. Armand Peugeot introduced his "Le Grand Bi" penny-money in 1882, along with many other bikes. Company car and bike company parted ways in 1926, but Peugeot bicycles continued to be built until today.

Armand Peugeot became interested in the automobile early on and, after meeting with Gottlieb Daimler and others, confident of survival. The first Peugeot car, a, three-wheeled steam-powered car designed by Léon Serpollet, was produced in 1889; only four examples were made. Electric steam is heavy and bulky and it takes a long time heating. In 1890, after meeting Daimler and Emile Levassor, steam was abandoned in favor of four-wheeled car with a gasoline-fueled internal combustion engine built by Panhard under Daimler license. The car was more sophisticated than many of its contemporaries, with a three-point suspension and a sliding-gear transmission. Examples sold to young Alberto Santos Dumont- are exported to Brazil.

More cars followed, 29 were built in 1892, 40 in 1894, 72 in 1895, 156 in 1898 and 300 in 1899. The early models were given "Type" numbers with the Type 12, for example, comes from 1895. Peugeot became the first manufacturer to fit rubber tires (solid, rather than pneumatic) for a gasoline-powered car that year.

Peugeot was a pioneer in motor racing, with Albert Lemaitre won the first motor race in the world, the Paris-Rouen (motor race), in a 3 hp Peugeot. Five Peugeot qualify for the main event, and all finished. Lemaitre finished 3 minutes and 30 seconds behind the Comte de Dion steam-powered car that does not qualify for the official competition. Three Peugeot entered in the Paris-Bordeaux-Paris, where they were beaten by Panhard car 's (although the average speed of 20.8 km / h (12.9 mph), and take the 31,500 franc prize also mark the debut of Michelin pneumatic tires The race, also at Peugeot, they proved to be less durable. However, the vehicle is still very much a carriage without horses in appearance and directed by tillers.

In 1896, the first Peugeot engines built; no longer were they reliant on Daimler. Designed by Rigoulot, the first machine was 8 hp (6.0 kW) horizontal twin fitted to the back Type 15. It also served as the basis of almost exact copy produced by Rochet-Schneider. Further improvements followed: the engine moved to the front on the Type 48 and immediately underneath the hood (hat) in front of the car, instead of hidden underneath; steering was adopted on the Type 36; and they began to look more like the modern car.

Also in 1896, Armand Peugeot broke away from Les Fils de Peugeot Frères to form his own company, Société Anonyme des Automobiles Peugeot, building a new factory in Audincourt to focus entirely on the car. In 1899, sales reached 300; Total car sales for all of France that year was 1,200. In the same year, Lemaitre won the Nice-Castellane-Nice Rally in a special 5,850 cc (357 cu in) 20 hp (14.9 kW) racer.

At the 1901 Paris Salon, Peugeot debuted a small shaft-driven 652 cc (40 cu in) 5 hp (3.7 kW) single-cylinder, dubbed Bébé (Baby), and shed the conservative image, becoming a style leader. After placing 19th in the 1902 Paris-Vienna rally with a 50 hp (37.3 kW) 11 322 cc (691 cu in) racer, and failing to finish with two similar cars, Peugeot quit racing.

Peugeot added a motorcycle to its range in 1903, and they have been built under the Peugeot name ever since. In 1903, Peugeot produced half of the cars built in France, and they offer 5 hp (4 kW) Bebe, the 6.5 hp (4.8 kW) four-seater, and 8 hp (6.0 kW) and 12 hp (8.9 kW) resembling contemporary Mercedes models.

1907 Salon showed Peugeot's first six-cylinder, and marked Tony Huber joining as engine builder. In 1910, Peugeot's product line includes 1,149 cc (70 cu in) two four-cylinder and six-cylinder, between 2 and 6 liters. In addition, a new factory opened the same year at Sochaux, which became a major crop in 1928.

A more famous name, Ettore Bugatti, designed the new 850 cc (52 cu in) four-cylinder Bébé of 1912. In the same year, Peugeot returned to racing with a team of three driver-engineers (breed typical of the pioneer period, exemplified by Enzo Ferrari among others): Jules Goux (graduate of Arts et Metiers, Paris), Paolo Zuccarelli (formerly of Hispano-Suiza), and Georges Boillot (collectively called Les Charlatans), with the 26-year Swiss engineer Ernest Henry to make a reality ideologue their ideas. The company decided voiturette (light car) racing was not enough, and chose to try grandes épreuves (grand touring). They do this by engineering tour de force: a DOHC. 7.6-liter four-cylinder (110x200 mm) with four valves per cylinder It proved faster than other cars of its time, and Boillot won the 1912 French Grand Prix at an average of 68.45 mph (110.2 km / h), although losing third gear and taking a pit stop 20 minutes. In May 1913, Goux took one to Indianapolis, and won at an average of 75.92 mph (122.2 km / h), recording speed directly from 93.5 mph (150.5 km / h). make Peugeot automobile company based non-American first win at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. In 1914, Boillot 3-liter Indy L5 new lap record of 99.5 mph (160.1 km / h), and Duray placed second (beaten by ex-Peugeot ace René Thomas in 6235 cc (380 cu in) Delage). Another (driven by Boillot's brother, André) placed in 1915; similar models won in 1916 (Dario Resta) and 1919 (Howdy Wilcox).

For the 1913 French Grand Prix, an improved L5 (with 5655 cc (345 cu in) engine) was produced with a pioneering ballbearing crankshaft, gear-driven camshafts, and dry sump lubrication, all of which soon became standard on racing cars; unfortunately, Zuccarelli was killed during testing on public roads, but Boillot easily won the event, making him (and Peugeot) the first double winner of the race. For the 1914 French GP, Peugeot overmatched by Mercedes, and despite a new innovation, four-wheel brakes (against the Mercedes' rear only), Georges proved unable to match them and the car broke down. (Curiously, the model 1914 turned 103 mph (165.8 km / h) lap in practice at Indy in 1949, but failed to qualify.) Peugeot more fortunate in 1915, winning at the French GP and Vanderbilt Cup.

During the First World War, Peugeot turned largely arms production, becoming a major manufacturer of arms and military vehicles, from bicycles to tanks and shells.
• Paris-Rouen 1894. Albert Lemaitre (photo at left) are classified 1st in his Peugeot 3 hp. Bicycle manufacturers Adolphe Clément-Bayard was the front passenger.
• 6HP Peugeot Vis-à-vis 1898
• Peugeot Type 19, 1899
• Peugeot 125 type midrange cars produced in 1910
• Peugeot, Model 139A Phaeton 1913
Interwar years

Peugeot 201

After the war, car production resumed in earnest. Racing continued as well, with Boillot entering the 1919 Targa Florio in a 2.5 liter (150-in 3) car designed for an event pre-empted by World War I; the car had 200,000 km (120,000 miles) on it, yet Boillot won with an impressive drive (the best of his career) in his Peugeot third in the 1925 Targa, first in 1922 and 1925 Coppa Florios, first in 1923 and 1925 Touring Car Grand Prix , and first in the 1926 Spa 24 Hours. Peugeot introduced a five-valve- per -cylinder, machinery triple-overhead-cam for the Grand Prix, conceived by Marcel Gremillon (who had criticized the early DOHC), but the engine failed.

In the same year, Peugeot debuted 10 hp (7.5 kW) and 14 hp (10.4 kW) fours, the larger based on Type 153, and a 6 liter 25 hp (19 kW) sleeve valve six, as well as new cyclecar, La Quadrilette.
During the 1920s, Peugeot expanded, in 1926 splitting the cycle (pedal and motor) business off to form Cycles Peugeot, division cycle meguntungkan consistently sought to free themselves from a somewhat more automated business cycles, and took over death Bellanger and De Dion companies in the year 1927. In 1928, the Type 183 was introduced.

Production Peugeot Sochaux (units):

• 1930 43303
• 1931 33322
• 1932 28317

Immediately after the timely introduction of the Peugeot 201, the Great Depression hit all the French auto-maker. Peugeot sales slumped, but the company survived
New for 1929 was the Peugeot 201, the cheapest car on the French market, and the first to use the later Peugeot trademark (and registered as such) -three digits with a central zero. 201 would get independent front suspension in 1931, soon after, the Depression hit; Peugeot sales decreased but the company survived.

In 1933, trying revival fortune, the company unveiled a new, aerodynamically styled variety. In 1934, Peugeot introduced the 402 BL Décapotable eclipse, the first convertible with a retractable hardtop - an idea followed later by the Ford Skyliner in the 1950s and revived in the modern era by the Mitsubishi 3000GT Spyder in 1995. More recently, many manufacturers have offered hardtops withdrawn, including Peugeot itself with the 206-cc.

Three models of the 1930s is the Peugeot 202, Peugeot 302 and Peugeot 402. These cars had curvaceous bodies, with a sloping rear lights bar grille, clearly inspired by the Chrysler Airflow. The 2.1-liter 402 entered production in 1935 and produced until the end of 1941, although the French occupation by the Nazis. For 1936, the new Airflow-inspired 302 (which lasted until 1938) and 402-based large model, designed by Andrean, featuring a vertical fin and bumper, rear lights with the first high-mounted. The entry-level 202 was built in series from 1938 to 1942, and about 20 more examples were built from existing stocks of supplies in February 1945. Peugeot 202 lifted sales in 1939 to 52 796, just behind Citroën. Regular production began again in mid-1946, and took place in 1949.

• Peugeot 163 Type manufactured from 1919 to 1924
• Experimental Peugeot- Kégresse track armored car was tested in 1923
• Peugeot 177 Type manufactured from 1924 to 1929
• Peugeot 202 cabriolet. Positions are protected from lights behind the grill becomes a key identifier for the Peugeot brand in the 1930s
• Peugeot 601 C Eclipse 1934 Pourtout

Peugeot 403 car in Hollywood detective Columbo

Peugeot 404

After World War II

In 1946, the company restarted car production with the 202, delivering 14,000 copies. In 1947, Peugeot introduced the Peugeot 203, with coil springs, rack-and-pinion steering, and hydraulic brakes. The 203 set new Peugeot sales records, remaining in production until 1960.
Peugeot took over Chenard-Walcker in 1950, after it has been necessary to acquire a majority in Hotchkiss in 1942. A popular model was introduced in 1955 was the Peugeot 403. With a 1.5-liter engine, sold a million copies by the end of the production run in 1962, including one driven by the famous TV detective Columbo.

The company began selling cars in the United States in 1958, and in 1960 introduced the Peugeot 404, which uses 1,618 cc (99 cu in) version of the 403 engine, tilted 45 °. 404 proved rugged enough to win the East African Safari Rally, in four of the six years between 1963 and 1968....
Peugeot 205 Turbo 16, 1985 and 1986 winner of the World Rally Championship
Peugeot also had further success in the international rally, especially in the World Rally Championship with the four-wheel-drive turbo-charged versions of the Peugeot 205, and more recently the Peugeot 206 in 1981 ,. Jean Todt, former co-driver for Hannu Mikkola, Timo Makinen, and Guy Fréquelin, among others, was asked by Jean Boillot, the head of Automobiles Peugeot, to create a competition department for PSA Peugeot Citroën. The resulting Peugeot Talbot Sport, established in the Bois de Boulogne near Paris, her debut in Group B 205 Turbo 16 at the 1984 Tour de Corse in May, and took its first world rally win that same year at the 1000 Lakes Rally in August, in the hands of Ari Vatanen. Not including endurance rally where Peugeot is not participating, Vatanen went on win five world rallies in a row.

Peugeot dominance continued in the 1985 season. Although nearly fatal accident Vatanen in Argentina, in the middle of the season, his team-mate and compatriot Timo Salonen led to Peugeot for the first rider and manufacturer title of world champion, well ahead of Audi and their Audi Sport Quattro. In the 1986 season, Vatanen's young replacement Juha Kankkunen beat Lancia's Markku Alen to the drivers 'title and Peugeot took the title of the second producer' in front of the Lancia. After the FIA's ban the Group B cars for 1987, in May after Henri Toivonen 's fatal accident, Todt was furious and even (unsuccessfully) pursue legal action against the federation. Peugeot then switched to rally raids. Using 205 and 405, Peugeot won the Dakar Rally four times in succession from 1987 to 1990; three times with Vatanen and once with Kankkunen. In 2015 Peugeot again take part in the Dakar Rally with the newly built train.

Peugeot 206 WRC, winner of the World Rally Championship from 2000 to 2002
In 1999, Peugeot returned to the World Rally Championship with the 206 WRC. The car was immediately competitive against such opposition Subaru Impreza WRC, the Ford Focus WRC and the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution. Marcus Grönholm gave the car its first win at the 2000 Rally Sweden, and Peugeot went on to win the title of producers' in their first year since his return, and Grönholm the drivers title in his first full WRC season. After successfully but narrowly retain their manufacturers title in 2001, Peugeot Sport dominated the 2002 season, taking eight wins in the hands of Grönholm and Gilles Panizzi. Grönholm also took the drivers' title. For the 2004 season, Peugeot 206 WRC retirement support new 307 WRC. 307 WRC did not match its predecessor in success, but Grönholm took three wins with the car, one in 2004 and two in 2005. PSA Peugeot Citroën Peugeot withdrew from the WRC after the 2005 season, while Citroën took a sabbatical in 2006 and returned for the next season. Meanwhile, Gronholm departed Peugeot when they quit at the end of 2005 to partner young compatriot Mikko Hirvonen at Ford.
Peugeot 207 S2000, winner of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge 2007-2009.

Peugeot Touring car racing

In 2009 and 2011, Peugeot won the championship Stock Car V8 with Caca Bueno (here Luciano Burti)

In 2013, the Peugeot 208 GTi winning one-two-three in the 24 Hours Nürburgring endurance race.
Peugeot 306 GTi won the prestigious Spa 24-hour endurance race in 1999 and 2000.
Peugeot has been successfully racing in the Asian Touring Car Series series, winning the 2000, 2001, and 2002 championship with Peugeot 306 GTi.
Peugeot has been successfully racing in Stock Car Brazil series since 2007 and won the 2008, 2009, and 2011 championships.

Peugeot has been successfully racing in the Asian Touring Car Series series, winning the 2000, 2001, and 2002 championship with Peugeot 306 GTi.
Peugeot won the Danish Touringcar Championship five times, with both Peugeot 306 -winner in 1999, 2000 and 2001 and the Peugeot 307 winner in 2002 and 2003.
With his Peugeot 406, Laurent Aiello won the 1997 Super Tourenwagen Cup season.
Throughout the mid-1990s, the Peugeot 406 saloon (called a sedan in some countries) contested touring car championships around the world, enjoying success in France, Germany and Australia, but failed to win a single race in the British Touring Car Championship podium despite the number below command of 1992 British Touring Car Champion Tim Harvey. In Gran Turismo 2406 sedan description summarizes racing career as "a competitive touring car which raced throughout Europe".

Tim Harvey in 406 during the 1996 BTCC season
British cars prepared by a team of British Peugeot factory in Coventry in 1996, when they wore red uniforms, and by MSD in 1997-98, when they wore green and gold design-typical fire. This lack of success of the 406 initially blamed on suspension problems. During the year 1998 406 apparently did not have enough horsepower to compete with the front runners' Nissan and Honda Accord Primeras; This is mentioned during the show very strong from Harvey 406 at Oulton Park BTCC meeting of 1998, when motorsport commentator Charlie Cox stated "some people say (406) down the power - you kidding". During the first BTCC meeting at Silverstone in the same year, Cox mentions that MSD re-designed the 406 touring car "from the ground up".
In 2001, Peugeot entered three 406 coupes into the British touring cars championship to compete with the dominant Vauxhall Astra coupe. Unfortunately the 406 coupe was at the end of its product life cycle and not competitive, despite some promise towards the end of the year, especially when Peugeot's Steve Soper led a race only to suffer engine failure in the last few laps. 406 coupes were retired at the end of next year and replaced with the Peugeot 307 -lagi, uncompetitive-2003.
Sports car racing

The 908 HDi FAP sports prototype, driven by Jacques Villeneuve in 2007
In the 1990s the company competed in endurance racing, including the Sportscar World Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans race with 905. The sportscar team established in Velizy-Villacoublay, France. After initial problems with reliability and aerodynamics, 905 were successful in the World Sportscar Championship, winning eight of 14 races throughout the 1991 and 1992 season and won the team and driver titles in 1992. Peugeot also won the 24 hours of Le Mans in 1992 and 1993.

Peugeot returned to sports car racing and Le Mans in 2007 with diesel Peugeot 908 HDi FAP. At the 2007 24 Hours of Le Mans, Stéphane Sarrazin secured pole position but the 908s proved unreliable and handing victory to Audi. In 2008, the Sarrazin again get pole position but Audi won again. For the 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans, the Peugeot 908 HDi FAPs finished first and second overall, led by driver Marc Gene, David Brabham, and Alexander Wurz.

Pike's Peak hillclimb

Ari Vatanen's Pikes Peak Peugeot 405

After Ari Vatanen and Bobby Unser, in the late 1980s, winning the Pike's Peak hillclimb race, Peugeot Sport and Sebastien Loeb decided to combine their respective strengths and go for it. Performance sereval Ari Vatanen won the award with "Climb Dance" movie (Grand Prix du Film de Chamonix in 1990, the Gold Award at the International Film Festival in Houston, US Silver Screen Industry Film & Video Festival in Chicago, 1990 Prix du Jury at the Festival International du spécial Film d'aventure in Val d'Isère).

In April 2013, 208 T16 was tested by Sébastien Loeb on the Mont Ventoux. [63] Loosely based on the shape and design of production of 208, T16 is lightweight 875 kg (1929 pounds) of vehicles using the rear wing of the Peugeot 908, and has a 3.2-liter, twin-turbo V6 engine, developing 875 bhp (652 kW; 887 PS) with the aim of competing at Pikes Peak International Hill Climb. June 30, 2013 saw the car smash record stands at Pikes Peak by more than a minute and a half, with the overall time 8 :. 13.878

Peugeot Formula One

The Company is also involved in providing machines for the Formula One team, notably to McLaren in 1994, to Jordan for 1995, 1996 and 1997 seasons, and Prost for 1998, 1999 and 2000 seasons. Peugeot F1 interests were sold to Asiatech at the end of the 2000 season.
Concept cars
• Quasar (1984)
• Proxima (1986)
• oxia (1988)
• Ion (1994)
• Touareg (1996)
• Asphalte (1996)
• 806 Runabout (1997)
• 20  (1998)
• Escapade (1998)
• Les City Toyz (2000)
• Peugeot 607 Feline (2000)
• Peugeot 607 Paladine (2000)
• Peugeot Sésame (2002)
• 607 Pescarolo (2002)
• 3  7 CC (2002)
• H2O (2002)
• Peugeot RC (2002)
• Peugeot Hoggar (2003)
• Peugeot 407 Elixir (2003)
• Peugeot 4002 (2003)
• 407 Silhouette (2004)
• Peugeot Quark (2004)
• Peugeot 907 (2004)
• Peugeot 407 Prologue Coupé (2005)
• Peugeot 20Cup (2005)
• Peugeot 908 RC (2006)
• Spider 207 (2006)
• HYmotion4 Peugeot RC HYbrid4 (2008)
• Peugeot RD (2008)
• Peugeot BB1 (2009)
• Peugeot EX1 Concept (2010)
• Peugeot HR1 (2010)
• Peugeot SR1 (2010)
• Peugeot 5 by Peugeot (2010)
• Peugeot HX1 (2011)
• Peugeot SXC (2011)
• Peugeot Onyx (2012)
• Peugeot Exalt (2014)
• Peugeot Quartz (2014)
• Peugeot 908 RC 2006
• Peugeot RC Hybrid4 2008
• Peugeot SR1 2010
• Peugeot HX1 2011
• Peugeot Onyx 2012

Peugeot Motorcycle

 

Peugeot Elyséo Peugeot 125, 'Roland Garros' (2002)

 

Satelis Peugeot 125

Peugeot Motorcycles companies remain a major manufacturer of scooters, underbones, mopeds, and bicycles in Europe. Peugeot produced an electric motor scooters, Peugeot Scoot'Elec, 1996-2006, and is projected to re-enter the market in 2011 with the E-Vivacity.

Peugeot Bicycle

Peugeot also produced bicycles starting in 1882 in Beaulieu, France (with ten Tour de France wins between 1903 and 1983), followed by motorcycles and cars in 1889. In the late 1980s Peugeot sold the North American rights to the Peugeot bicycle name to ProCycle, a Canadian company that also sold bicycles under the name CCM and Velo Sport. Europe briefly sold the rights to Cycleurope SA, back to Peugeot in the 1990s.

Peugeot Street

Peugeot has a main dealer, named Peugeot Avenue, which is located on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, and in Berlin. Berlin showroom is larger than the Paris one, but both have regularly changing mini-exhibitions featuring production and concept cars. Both also have a small Peugeot Boutique, and they are a popular place for Peugeot fans to visit. Peugeot Street Berlin also features a café, called Café de France. Peugeot Avenue at Berlin was closed in 2009.

Article Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peugeot

Jaguar - All Car History, JAGUAR FACTS, FEATURED MODELS, Ford's tenureship of the Jaguar brand, Jaguar's future, The Jaguar Sports Car

Jaguar - All Car History

Jaguar produces some of the world's most luxurious cars. Jaguar's ethos has helped develop cars that are exclusive, beautifully designed, with high performance and overall, the excitement of driving a Jaguar. As Jaguar's design director said: "You should always feel better when you get out of a Jaguar than when you first get into it." True to this heritage, the latest addition to the Jaguar portfolio - the all new Jaguar XF - has the heart of a sports car and the looks of a grand tourer, bringing together style, power and performance. JAGUAR HISTORY Jaguar was founded by Sir William Lyons in Blackpool, 1922, making motorcycle sidecars, then car bodies. The company moved to Coventry and in 1935 the Jaguar name was introduced for the first time with a new saloon and sports car range. During the war, aircraft and fabrication work had the side effect of introducing the company to aircraft design. Jaguar enjoyed racing success in the 1950s, notably at Le Mans. The famous E-type was introduced in 1961.

JAGUAR FACTS

Type: Subsidiary
Founded: 1922
Founder: Sir William Lyons
Key People: Ratan Tata, Chairman, Geoff Polites, CEO Mike O'Driscoll, Managing Director
Industry: Automotive
Products: Cars
Parent: Tata Motors

FEATURED MODELS

JAGUAR S-TYPE a mid-size luxury/executive car introduced in 1998, the name is a revival of a previous Jaguar model, the S-Type introduced in 1963
JAGUAR XJ - a classic luxury saloon, the XJ was launched in 1968 and has served as the Jaguar flagship model for most of its life, which continues today
JAGUAR XK - a grand tourer produced since 1996, the XK replaced the XJS and is available as a coupé and a convertible
JAGUAR X-TYPE - a compact executive car produced since 2001 and available in 4-door saloon and 4-door estate versions

DID YOU KNOW?

As soon as Jaguar founder William Lyons turned 21, he formed the Swallow Sidecar Company in September 1922, with a bank overdraft of £1,000. The company later changed its name to Jaguar.
Jaguar enjoyed success in the Le Mans 24 Hours race with victories in 1951 and 1953 with the C-Type, and in 1955, 1956 and 1957 with the D-Type.
The Jaguar 2.7 V6 diesel engine is so efficient that it requires a supplementary heater to supply warm air to the cabin, and the engine's fuel pressure is a constant 1650 bar, 750 times more than a fully inflated tyre.

"JaguarVoice" enables Jaguar drivers to adjust functions simply by pressing the steering wheel's "voice" button and speaking. Drivers can alter climate control settings, set a navigation route home, control TV, radio, CD, tape and make a hands-free telephone call, all without moving their hands from the steering wheel or taking their eyes off the road.


Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Luke_B_Scott

Did Ford Take Jaguar Down The Wrong Road?

When Ford purchased Jaguar Cars Ltd in 1989, the Jaguar brand had for some years been tarnished with a reputation for poor build quality. There can be no doubt that the financial investment and quality control that Ford brought with it saved the Jaguar marque from an untimely end. However, Ford has been unable to make a financial success of Jaguar -- did Ford misjudge the Jaguar marque and its past success?

Jaguar's past

From its humble beginnings as the Swallow Sidecar Company in 1922, and for much of Jaguar's subsequent history, William Lyons, the company's co-founder, had a fundamental approach to his cars: to produce distinctive, high quality automobiles but at as low a cost as possible. The first of these, the Austin Seven Swallow, was simply a rebodied version of the humble Austin Seven because, Lyons believed, "... that it would also appeal to a lot of people if it had a more luxurious and attractive body."

In later years, the success of iconic Jaguars such as the XKs and E-Types were in part due to their distinct blend of forward-looking style and sophisticated use of technology. The power and quality of the XK engines used for the Jaguar XK120, and subsequent cars for many years, was far in advance of other comparable engines of the period. Similarly the much improved ride quality and road holding abilities of these cars had left their counterparts behind.

It was much the same with the Jaguar E-Type, a sensation when it was launched at the Geneva Motor Show in 1961. Here was a race-bred, visually sensational, 150mph sports car at just half the price of its nearest rival, the Aston Martin DB4.

The Jaguar XKs, and the C and D-Types which evolved from them, also enjoyed much success in sports car racing, dominating the Le Mans 24 Hour race in the 1950s and contributing to the success of the marque. In the 1980s Jaguar again returned to Le Mans with the Group C XJRs, winning in 1988 and 1990.

Ford's tenureship of the Jaguar brand

Since the mid 1990s, Ford has launched several new Jaguars, including the XJ8/XJR, S-Type, X-Type and XK8/R. The common theme amongst these models is that they have all taken their styling cues from historical Jaguars such as the D and E-Types of the '50s and '60s for the XK8, and the XJ6s and XJ12s of the '70s and '80s for the saloons.

One can certainly appreciate Ford's reasoning behind the decision to ape the styles that proved so successful for Jaguar in the past, but by doing so they appear to have missed the point of what made those cars successful in the first place: that the styles then were looking forward rather than backwards.

In an attempt to recoup the substantial financial investment in Jaguar, and in keeping with its own history, Ford created the X-Type as a "low-budget" Jaguar that was intended to appeal to the fleet market and those for whom the top-end models were too expensive. Yet this model never sold in the volumes that Ford hoped for outside of the UK. For many potential purchasers, the model shared too much in common with Ford's own Mondeo to be distinctively 'Jaguar', and for younger owners the car bore too much resemblance to the Jaguar XJ -- a model traditionally driven by older owners. It was also a highly competitive market and the X-Type was in direct competition with BMW, Mercedes and, at the time, the similarly styled Rover 75.

Yet on occasions Ford have created much interest amongst motoring journalists and enthusiasts with a number of concept cars. The XK180, and similarly styled F-Type, were greatly praised and could, potentially, have tapped into the emerging market for roadsters alongside the Porsche Boxter and Mercedes-Benz SLK, yet neither were translated into production models.

Sporting pretensions

With Jaguar's past successes in motor sport having added much to the brand, Ford attempted to recreate this with its entry into Formula 1 racing. Formula 1, however, with its vast budgets and tendency to be dominated by one or two top teams was an ambitious leap and the Jaguar team never managed to challenge for world championship points on a consistent basis.

In hindsight it would, perhaps, have been better to concentrate efforts in other motorsport categories. Indeed, the XKRs run in the Trans-Am series proved very successful, securing four manufacturers' titles. Had the F1 budget been spread across other classes, Jaguar's presence in world motorsport may have been a different story.

Too much too late

With the launch of the much praised next-generation XK/R in 2006, and the XF due out in late 2007 to replace the S-Type, Jaguar's model line-up does finally appear to be looking forwards both in terms of style and technology -- a substantial reason for the success of the brand throughout Jaguar's history But with Ford having experienced financially troubled times over the last few years, the sale of Jaguar would inject much needed capital back into Ford, just as the Jaguar marque looks set to turn the corner and experience a resurgence in popularity.

Jaguar's future

To secure its future and to continue as one of history's most evocative automotive marques, Jaguar needs a parent company that will allow its designers to continue with the innovation and dynamism shown in the current XK range and upcoming XF. For much of its history, the Jaguar marque has been ahead of the field with design and performance -- its new owners, however they may be, would do well to bear that in mind.


Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=David_Durban

Jaguar Cars

The Jaguar Sports Car

A review of The Jaguar Sports Car, covering development, important features, and technical data of each model in the range, from the SS100 to the E-Type.

In this Article, I offer a nostalgic look at the Jaguar Sports Car, one of an elite group of classic cars, which was manufactured during the period 1936 to 1974.

In 1922, the Swallow Sidecar Company was created. Its initial aim was to produce motorcycle sidecars, and then move into passenger cars, such as the Austin 7 Swallow.

In 1935, the company name was changed to Jaguar Cars, and the improved range of cars was called SS Jaguars.

The Jaguar SS100

The first real Jaguar sports car was the Jaguar SS100, built between 1936-1940. The "100" referred to the fact that it was capable of exceeding 100 mph, something almost unheard of at that time.

Following WW2, the twin overhead cam, straight 6-cylinder, Jaguar XK engine was created.

The Jaguar XK120

In 1948, it was decided to add the new engine to a sports car. The XK120 Jaguar sports car, with the XK engine, was the talk of the 1948 London Motor Show.

The XK120 was a two seater convertible, initially with aluminium panels. The "120" referred to this models top speed of 120 mph.

In 1950, an all-steel version became the norm. A fixed head coupe variant appeared in 1951, plus a drop head coupe in 1953. It used a 3.4 litre XK engine, with an aluminium cylinder head, a compression ratio of 8:1, and two SU carburettors.

In 1949, a prototype XK120 achieved an average speed of 133 mph on a Belgian motorway.

By 1954, when production of these Jaguar cars ended, 7,631 convertibles, 2,678 fixed head coupes, and 1,769 drop head coupes were built.

The Jaguar C-Type

In 1951, the C-Type Jaguar sports car was introduced. It was also designated the XK120-C, where the "C" referred to competition. It was, in essence, a racing car.

It incorporated an aerodynamically designed aluminium body built onto a lightweight tubular space frame chassis. The running gear was that from the XK120.

Its tuned 3.4 litre XK engine had its compression ratio raised to 9:1, but it retained the two SU carburettors.

The engine in later C-Types was fitted with high lift camshafts, and the two SU's were replaced by three twin-choke Webber carburettors.

In total, there were 53 C-Types built. It was built for racing and, in 1951 and 1953, won the Le Mans 24 hour race.

The Jaguar D-Type

In 1954, Jaguar Cars introduced the D-Type Jaguar sports car.

Like the later versions of the C-Type, it used the 3.4 litre XK engine with three twin-choke Webber carburettors.

The structural design, however, was well ahead of its time. It used a monocoque structure with aluminium body panels, and an aluminium tubing sub frame. This produced a low drag, aerodynamic profile.

The D-Type Jaguar cars were designed for racing:

    In 1954, a D-Type won the Sebring 12 hour race
    It won the 1955 and 1956 Le Mans 24 hour race
    In the 1957 Le Mans, D-Types took five of the top six places - this was the peak of its racing history

The Jaguar XK140

In 1954, the XK120 was succeeded by the XK140 Jaguar sports car.

There were minor styling changes on the new car. It was offered as a two seater convertible, a fixed head coupe, and a drop head coupe.

The standard engine was the XK 3.4 litre, with the special equipment modification as used on the XK120. The power was increased to 190 bhp.

The XK 3.4 litre engine, with the C-Type head (SE model), as used on the XK120, and developing 210 bhp, was offered as an optional extra.

The Jaguar XK150

In 1957, the XK140 was replaced by the XK150 Jaguar sports car. Like its predecessor, it was offered as a two seater convertible, a fixed head coupe and a drop head coupe.

A quick was to distinguish between the two Jaguar cars, XK140 and XK150, was that the latter used a one-piece windscreen, whilst the former used a split screen.

Both the suspension and chassis was as per the XK140, and the steering was rack and pinion.

The basic engine was the XK140 unit, with the C-Type head, producing 190 bhp. However, more common was the 3.4 SE unit, with C-Type head and larger exhaust valves, producing 210 bhp.

In 1958, the 3.4 "S" engine appeared, producing 250 bhp.

In 1960, the 3.4 litre engine was bored out to 3.8 litres, producing 220 bhp. In the 3.8"S" form, it developed 265 bhp.

When production of the XK150 ended in 1960, 2,265 convertibles, 4,445 fixed head coupes, and 2,672 drop head coupes of these fabulous Jaguar cars had been built.

The Jaguar E-Type

In 1961, the enigmatic E-Type Jaguar sports car was launched.

The Series 1 E-Type was powered by a 3.8 litre, triple SU carburetted engine used in the XK150S.

In 1964, the 3.8 litre engine was increased to 4.2 litres. The power and top speed from both these Jaguar cars was the same, although torque was increased.

Up to 1967, the Series 1 was easily recognised by its glass-covered headlights. It was offered as a two seater convertible, or a fixed head coupe. A 2+2 version of the fixed head coupe was available in 1966.

There was a transition series of Jaguar cars built from 1967-1968, between the Series 1 and Series 2 E-Types. This was referred to as the Series 1.5.

By 1968, 15,498 Series 1 3.8, 16,195 Series 1 4.2, and 6,726 Series 1.5 Jaguar cars were built.

In 1969, the Series 2 E-Type Jaguar sports car was introduced. It was easily distinguished from the Series 1 by the open headlights, and wrap-around rear bumper.

Once again, it was offered as a two seater convertible, a fixed head coupe, and a 2+2 variant. It was powered by the XK 4.2 litre engine fitted with three SU carburettors.

By 1971, 4,855 fixed head coupes, 8,628 convertibles, and 5,326 2+2 variants of these Jaguar cars were built.

In 1971, the Series 3 Jaguar E-Type launched. It was offered as a two seater convertible, and a 2+2 version, but the fixed head coupe variant was discontinued.

The Series 3 was powered by a new 5.3 litre, V-12 cylinder, double overhead cam, XK engine. It is easily identifiable by the distinctive front grille and fishtail exhaust.

I feel that the Series 3 was the most desirable of all the E-Types produced by Jaguar Cars.

By 1974, 7,990 convertibles, and 7,297 2+2's were built.

This marked the end of the E-Type Jaguar sports car.

Perhaps this stroll down memory lane might have answered, or at least shed light on, a possible question:

"Which Jaguar Sports Car Is Your Favourite?"

However, should this question still remain unanswered, I will be reviewing, in some detail, in future articles within this website, the entire range of Jaguar sports cars which were featured in the memorable era spanning 1936 to 1974.

I hope you join me in my nostalgic travels "down sports car memory lane".

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Peter_Radford

Auto Parts Store Helps Revive Old Jaguar XJS' Racing Prowess: Tough & Durable Jaguar Suspension

Jaguar Parts and Automobile Parts, your leading Jaguar parts and car parts provider showcases the best Jaguar Parts for XJS and more!

Featured in the store are excellent quality Jaguar suspension parts for Jaguar XJS. Built to match original XJS parts' standards, these are perfect for your car's suspension upgrade. With excellently made Jaguar XJS ball points, Jaguar coil spring, Jaguar control arm seal, Jaguar XJS subframe, Jaguar sway bar mount and many other suspension parts, you are sure to achieve better handling, ride quality and acceleration and thus, revive its innate Jaguar racing prowess.

Like the largest feline animals--the Jaguar--from which it is named, Jaguar luxury saloons and sports cars take pride of having strongest and the most durable body structure, performance auto parts and mechanical components. They are as strong as Jaguar's jaw structure and brawny body that allows it to climb and swim faster than other animals in its class.

The Jaguar XJS is one of its remarkable models. It is a luxury GT coupe introduced in 1975 as a replacement to the legendary Jaguar E-Type. Although the Jaguar XJS did not equal E-Type's prestige in the field of racing, It featured a more aerodynamic body and more advanced auto parts than the earlier model and was highly competitive in many racing events, reinforcing Jaguar's long-time reputation as a top sports car maker.

The last of the Jaguar XJS models rolled off the production line in 1996 so it is now being eyed by many car enthusiasts as another great addition to their car collection.

Owning an old Jaguar XJS model is easier nowadays with the wealth of Jaguar parts online stores that provide the best auto parts deals on various high quality Jaguar Parts and Auto Parts. Jaguar parts - used Jaguar parts and new Jaguar parts alike abound in the market giving a wide variety of choices ranging from Jaguar accessories, to Jaguar electrical system parts, Jaguar mechanical parts, Jaguar body parts, Jaguar transmission parts and even service tools, which you can use if you want to work on car repair on your own.

Jaguar Parts and Automobile Parts is your trusted source of Jaguar parts and car parts, including the best suspension parts for your car. Suspension is the part of your car that connects the wheels to the frame, so the quality of these parts can make or unmake your driving satisfaction. Getting these parts from a reliable Jaguar Parts and Auto Parts source is ensuring not just great handling but most especially, your safety.



Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Michelle_Crimson

Ferrari

Ferrari SpA is the Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello. Founded by Enzo Ferrari in 1929, as Scuderia Ferrari, the company sponsored racers and manufactured race cars before moving into production of street-legal vehicles in 1947. Fiat acquired 50% of Ferrari in 1969 and expanded its stake to 90% in 1988 . In May 2012, the 1962 Ferrari 250 GTO became the most expensive car in the world, sold in a private transaction for $ 38,115,000 for communications with the king Craig McCaw. In 2014 Fiat announced its intention to sell part of its stake in Ferrari; as the announcement of Fiat owned 90% of Ferrari.

Throughout its history, the company has recorded a continued participation in racing, especially in Formula One, where it has been a great success. Ferrari road cars are generally seen as a symbol of speed, luxury and wealth.

Ferrari History

Enzo Ferrari initially not interested in the idea of ​​producing road cars when he formed Scuderia Ferrari in 1929, with headquarters in Modena. Scuderia Ferrari (pronounced) literally means "Ferrari Stable", and usually used to mean "Team Ferrari." Ferrari prepared and fielded Alfa Romeo race car for the amateur driver. In 1933 Alfa Romeo interesting in-house racing team and appointed Scuderia Ferrari as the team works. Enzo Ferrari receives the latest specification Monopostos and fielded many famous drivers such as Tazio Nuvolari and Achille Varzi. In 1938 Alfa Romeo brought the racing operation again at home, forming the Alfa Corse in Milano and hire Enzo Ferrari as a new racing department manager. At the same time the Scuderia Ferrari dissolved.

In September 1939, Enzo Ferrari left Alfa Romeo under the stipulation that he not use the Ferrari name in relation to race or race car for at least four years. A few days later he founded Auto Avio Costruzioni, which is headquartered in the old facilities of the Scuderia Ferrari. The new company as if produced machine tools and aircraft accessories. In 1940 Ferrari did in fact produce a racing car - the Tipo 815, based on Fiat platform - the non-competition period. This is the first Ferrari cars and debuted at the 1940 Mille Miglia, but due to World War II it saw little competition. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it remained ever since. The factory was bombed by the Allies in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946, after the war ended, and including works for road car production.
Name of the Scuderia Ferrari racing cars are raised to show the factory and distinguish them from those fielded by customer teams.

166MM Barchetta 212/225
The first Ferrari road car is the 1947 125 S, powered by a 1.5 L V12 engine; Enzo Ferrari reluctantly built and sold cars to fund Scuderia Ferrari.

In 1960 the company was restructured as a public company under the name SEFAC SpA (Società Esercizio Fabbriche Automobili e Corse).

Beginning in 1969, Fiat took a 50% stake in Ferrari. The direct result is an increase in investment funds available, and work began at once on the factory extension is intended to transfer production from the Turin plant Fiat Fiat Dino Ferrari engine. The new models further investments in the range of Ferrari also received a boost.

In 1988, Enzo Ferrari oversee the launch of the Ferrari F40, the last new Ferrari to be launched before his death later that year, and arguably one of the most famous supercars ever made. In 1989 the company changed its name to Ferrari SpA From 2002 to 2004, produced Enzo Ferrari, the fastest model them at the time, which was introduced and named in honor of the company's founder, Enzo Ferrari. It was called the F60, F40 and F50 to continue on, but Ferrari were very happy with it, they called Enzo instead. At first offered to loyal customers and reoccurring, each made 399 (400 minus donated to the Vatican to charity) have a price tag of $ 650,000 each (the equivalent of £ 400,900).
On September 15, 2012, 964 Ferrari cars (worth more than $ 162 million (equivalent to 99.95 million pounds)) attended the Ferrari Driving Day at Silverstone Circuit Silverstone Circuit and paraded throughout the world record.

Former CEO and Chairman of Ferrari, Luca di Montezemolo, resigned from the company after 23 years, and will be replaced by Sergio Marchionne, CEO and Chairman of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ferrari's parent company.

On October 29, 2014, FCA group, the result of a merger between manufacturers Fiat and Chrysler, announced the split of luxury brands, Ferrari. The goal is to transform the Ferrari into an independent brand 10% of the shares will be sold in an IPO in 2015.

Ferrari Motorsport

For a complete list of Ferrari racing cars, see List of Ferrari competition car.

Ferrari 312T2 Formula One car driven by Niki Lauda

Since the beginning of the company, Ferrari has been involved in motorsport, competing in a variety of categories including Formula One and sports car racing with Scuderia Ferrari sporting division as well as providing cars and engines to other teams and for the make-races.

The 1940 AAC 815 was the first racing car designed by Enzo Ferrari, although it was not badged as a Ferrari model.

Scuderia Ferrari

Scuderia Ferrari has participated in several classes of motorsport, although currently only official involved in Formula One. It is the only team to compete in the Formula One World Championship continues since its inception in 1950. José Froilan González gave the team's first F1 victory at the 1951 British Grand Prix.

Scuderia Ferrari driver to win the Formula One title in 2007, with Kimi Raikkonen.
Alberto Ascari gave Ferrari the first Drivers Championship a year later. Ferrari is the oldest team in the championship, and the most successful: the team holds nearly every Formula One record. In 2014, a record 15 teams including the World Drivers Championship titles (1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1979, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2007) 16 World Constructors Championship titles (1961, 1964, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2008), 221 wins Grand Prix, 6736.27 points, 679 podiums, 207 pole positions and 230 The fastest lap in the 890 Grand Prix contested. Of the 19 songs used in 2014, eight have a lap record set by Ferrari F2004, with over 3 sets with Ferrari F2003-GA, Ferrari F2008 and Ferrari F10.

Ferrari drivers include: Tazio Nuvolari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Luigi Chinetti, Alberto Ascari, Wolfgang von Trips, Phil Hill, Olivier Gendebien, Mike Hawthorn, Peter Collins, Giancarlo Baghetti, John Surtees, Lorenzo Bandini, Ludovico Scarfiotti, Jacky Ickx, Mario Andretti , Clay Regazzoni, Niki Lauda, ​​Carlos Reutemann, Jody Scheckter, Gilles Villeneuve, Didier Pironi, Patrick Tambay, René Arnoux, Michele Alboreto, Gerhard Berger, Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost, Jean Alesi, Michael Schumacher, Eddie Irvine, Rubens Barrichello, Felipe Massa, Kimi Raikkonen, Fernando Alonso and Sebastian Vettel.

At the end of the 2006 season, the team courted controversy by continuing to allow Marlboro to sponsor them after they, along with the other F1 teams, made a promise to end sponsorship relating to tobacco producers. A five-year deal was agreed and although this will not end until 2011, in April 2008 Marlboro dropped their on-car brand Ferrari.

Drivers competing for 2009 were Felipe Massa and Kimi Raikkonen. In 2010 Fernando Alonso started racing for Ferrari after racing for Renault, Minardi and McLaren, filling Kimi Räikkönen's former seat.

A 312PB (driven by Jacky Ickx) during the team's last year in the World Sportscar Championship.
Besides Formula One, Ferrari also entered the car in sports car racing, there are two programs in parallel for many years.

In 1949, Luigi Chinetti driving 166 M to Ferrari's first win in motorsports, the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Ferrari continued to dominate the early years of the World Sportscar Championship which was created in 1953, winning the title seven of the first nine years.

When the championship format changed in 1962, Ferrari earned titles in at least one grade each year until 1965 and then again in 1967. Ferrari will win one last title, the World Championship in 1972 Makes before Enzo decided to leave sports car racing after 1973 and allow Scuderia Ferrari to concentrate solely on Formula One.

During the season of Ferrari World Sportscars Championship, they also gained more wins at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, with the factory team earning their first in 1954. Another win would come in 1958, followed by five consecutive wins from 1960 to 1964. Luigi Chinetti in the North American Racing Team (NART) would take the final victory Ferrari at Le Mans in 1965.

Although Scuderia Ferrari no longer participated in sports cars after 1973, they occasionally built various successful sports cars for privateers. This includes 512 BB LM in the 1970s, the 333 SP which won the IMSA GT Championship in the 1990s, and currently 458 GT2 and GT3 are currently winning championships in their respective classes.

Ferrari Car racing for another team

Throughout its history, Ferrari has supplied racing cars to other entrants, apart from the work itself Scuderia Ferrari team.

In the 1950s and 60s, Ferrari supplied Formula One car to a number of private entrants and other teams. One famous example is Tony Vandervell team 's, which ran with Ferrari Special Thinwall changed before building their own Vanwall car. The North American Racing Team entry 's in the last three rounds of the 1969 season is the last chance that a team other than Scuderia Ferrari entered the Grand Prix World Championship with Ferrari.

Ferrari supplied cars complete with V8 engines for the A1 Grand Prix series, from the 2008-09 season. The car was designed by Rory Byrne and laid out like a 2004 Ferrari Formula One car.
Ferrari currently running programs to subscribers GT racing version of the 458 model, and has done so for 458 predecessors, dating back to 355 in the late 1990s. Private teams such as the American Risi Competizione and the Italian AF Corse team has been very successful with the Ferrari GT racer for many years. This car, built for endurance racing sports car that will compete against the racing version of the Audi R8, the McLaren MP4-12C, and the BMW Z4 has proven to be successful, but not as successful as its predecessor, the F430. The Ferrari Challenge is one of the make racing series for the Ferrari 458. The FXX is not road legal, and is therefore only used for track events.

Ferrari Road car

For a complete list, including future models and concept cars, see List of Ferrari road cars.

Ferrari 166 Inter Coupe Touring
The latest models
California T
488 GTB
458 Italia
458 Spider

• Grand tourer
• V8 turbocharged engine
• Conversion
• The sports car
• V8 turbocharged engine
• Coupé
• The sports car
• V8 engine
• Coupé
• The sports car
• V8 engine
• Roadster


458 Speciale
FF
F12berlinetta
LaFerrari

• The sports car
• V8 engine
• Coupé
• Grand tourer
• V12
• Shooting-brake
• Grand tourer
• V12
• Coupé
• The sports car
• V12 + hydrocarbons KERS
• Coupé


Ferrari's first vehicle was the 125 S sports / racing models. In 1949, Ferrari 166 Inter, the first step of the company to market a great tour, which continues to make the most of the sales Ferrari until now.
Several early cars featured bodywork customized by a number of coachbuilders such as Pininfarina, Zagato and Bertone.

Dino was the first mid-engined Ferrari. This layout would go on to be used in most Ferraris of the 1980s and 1990s. V8 Ferrari models make up more than half of the total production of the marque.
For a time, Ferrari built 2 + 2 version of the mid-engined V8 cars. Although they look very different from counterparts 2-seat them, both the GT4 and Mondial were closely related to the 308 GTB.
The company has also produced front-engined 2 + 2 cars, culminating in the current California.
Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the Berlinetta Boxer in 1973. The later Testarossa remains one of the most famous Ferrari.
Supercars

Ferrari Enzo
The most noble efforts the company has been in the supercar market. The 1962 250 GTO may be considered the first in the line of Ferrari supercars, which extends to the recently LaFerrari Model.
Concept cars and specials

Ferrari P4 / 5

Ferrari has produced a number of concept cars, like the Ferrari Mythos. While some of them quite radical (such as the Ferrari Modulo) and never intended for production, others such as the Ferrari Mythos have shown styling elements which were later incorporated into production models.
Latest concept car that will be produced by Ferrari itself is a 2010 Ferrari Millechili.
A number of one-off special versions of Ferrari road cars have also been produced, for coachbuilders commissioned by wealthy owners. Recent examples include the Ferrari P4 / 5 by Pininfarina and the Ferrari 612 Kappa.

Ferrari Special Projects

Special Projects program was launched in the 2000s as the ultimate personalized service Ferrari at home, allowing the customer to have a bespoke-bodied one-off by a modern road car Ferrari. Engineering and design is done by Ferrari, sometimes in collaboration with external design houses like Pininfarina or Fioravanti, and receive full homologation vehicle into the street legal. The first car will be completed in this program is the 2008 Ferrari SP1, commissioned by a Japanese business executive, the second is the P540 Superfast Aperta, commissioned by an American collector.
This is a list of Special Projects cars that have been made public:

Ferrari SP1

2008 F430
Junichiro Hiramatsu Design by Leonardo Fioravanti.

Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta

2009 599 GTB
Edward Walson Inspired by the same open-topped gold painted and one-off built by Carrozzeria Fantuzzi on the Ferrari 330 LMB chassis.

Ferrari Superamerica 45

 2011 599 GTB
Peter Kalikow
Targa spinning top; design by Pininfarina

Ferrari SP12 EC

 2012 458 Italia
Eric Clapton
Designed by the Centro Stile Ferrari and Pininfarina, the Ferrari 512 BB hommaging.

Ferrari SP Arya 2013 599 GTO

Cheerag Arya
FFX Ferrari FF
Shin Okamoto Design by Pininfarina

Ferrari F12 TRS

2014 F12berlinetta
Barchetta body, inspired by the Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa. Designed by the Centro Stile Ferrari.
Ferrari SP America
2014 F12berlinetta

Bio-fuel cars and hybrids

Ferrari has considered making hybrids; for example, F430 Spider that runs on ethanol is shown at the 2008 Detroit Auto Show. Ferrari has announced that the hybrid will be in production in 2015. At the 2010 Geneva Motor Show, Ferrari launched a hybrid version of their flagship 599 Also in mid-2014 "LaFerrari" put into production, this rival "Porsche 918" and that "McLaren P1", which are both Hybrid Suprecars. Called the "HY-KERS Concept", the Ferrari hybrid system adds more than 100 horsepower on top of the 599 Fiorano is 612 HP.





Article Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Ferrari

Ferrari

Ferrari - The Can-Am Experience

Ferrari. A name that is synonymous with winning. Over 50 years of racing heritage; a heritage which includes several Formula One titles, as well as overall victories in Sports Car Racing at some of the most difficult race circuits known to exist. Tracks like Spa, the Nurburgring, and the great French classic held every year at Le Mans. Nearly every challenge the Prancing Horse of Maranello has undertaken in the last 60 years has resulted in victory. One series however was not intimidated by Italy's best. That series was the Can-Am Challenge, held between 1966 and 1974 in North America. The Can-Am, as it would become known, was perhaps the most exciting road racing series the planet has ever seen. Governed by the Sports Car Club of America, the series was run in accordance to the FIA's Group 7 rules for Sports Racing Cars. Group 7 rules were rather unlimited in many ways, which led manufacturers of all levels to run free with creativity and build some of the most technically advanced cars of their time.

In 1966, the Can Am's first actual season, the European factories had little interest in a series that only lasted from September to November and was comprised of just six events. Most of the entrants were independent teams. Teams like McLaren and Surtees, both headed by Formula 1 Champions that saw the Can Am as an opportunity to build their reputations as manufacturers. Ferrari already possessed a championship winning reputation. However, a young Mexican driver by the name of Pedro Rodriguez would fire Ferrari's first shot in what would soon become the hottest road racing series on the planet.

Bridgehampton, New York was the second round of the inaugural Can Am Series. The 2.85 mile course located in eastern Long Island would be the first time that a Ferrari would race in a Can Am event. Pedro Rodriguez was entered in a Dino 206S Coupe that September weekend. The young Mexican driver was able to achieve 22nd position on a grid filled with open-top sports racers powered by thundering American small block V-8s. The race would result in the little Ferrari not finishing due to the loss of a wheel. Rodriguez would appear again at Laguna Seca with the Dino, this time with a 18th place overall to show for his effort.

By early 1967, the Can Am was already being viewed as a fabulous series by many of the top names in North American road racing. The series caught the attention of Luigi Chinetti, the man at the helm of N.A.R.T. (North American Race Team), Ferrari's factory-backed team of choice in the United States. Chinetti would send one of N.A.R.T.'s P3/4 prototypes back to Maranello early in 1967 for modification to run in that year's Can Am Series. While at the factory, the P3/4 would receive several modifications to assist it in moving from Group 6 to Group 7 rules. The car was lowered and lightened, though the headlamps were retained. Provisions for a boot and spare wheel were eliminated, as there were no need for such luxuries in Can Am racing. The P3/4 also received a strengthened roll bar.

Ferrari's would be absent at the opening race held at Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin in 1967. Though Chinetti and the N.A.R.T. team would arrive for the season's second race at Bridgehampton. Lodovico Scarfiotti was selected to drive the P3/4 that September weekend and he achieved a grid position of 16th place. Scarfiotti, a Formula 1 veteran, would go on to drive the P3/4 to a 7th place finish in the race.

Scarfiotti would again pilot the P3/4 a week later at Mosport, one of the fastest tracks the Can Am Series raced at. The N.A.R.T. P3/4 would start from the 12th position on the grid. The weekend would result in a DNF for the Ferrari due to a crash.

The fourth race of the 1967 Can Am season was to see the most powerful sports cars in the world visit the beautiful Laguna Seca Raceway on the coast of Central California. This race would mark the appearance of two new Ferrari Can Am cars in the form of P4s. Now equipped with full glass-fibre bodies, a huge rear spoiler, and a larger 4.2 litre engine, it looked like there was a serious effort brewing from Italy's top name in racing. Chris Amon and John Williams were recruited to perform the driving duties. Amon, being the seasoned driver he was, performed well at Laguna Seca driving the number 23 Ferrari P4 from 16th on the grid to a 5th place finish. Williams also scored well on the weekend by completing 99 laps and capturing 8th place. Two weeks later, at Southern California's incredible Riverside Raceway, the Amon and Williams duo would again attempt to bring victory home for Maranello. This time the results were not as promising as Laguna Seca, with Amon finishing 3 laps down in 8th place and Williams crashing out. The final Can Am event of 1967 was held at Las Vegas. A dusty track in the Nevada desert, Vegas was known for wreaking havoc with both racers and their machines. Amon would put the P4 in 13th place on the grid, while Williams scored the grids 18th spot. Williams race was short, as a stone was ingested on lap 1, locking the throttle and leading to the retirement of the number 27 Ferrari. Amon would wind up with a DNF as well due to a crash. Despite mid-pack qualification times, the P4s proved capable of obtaining podium results.

The 1968 season would be a pivotal one for Ferrari. Pedro Rodriguez would once again take the wheel of a Ferrari at Bridgehampton. Gridding the P4 in 11th position, Rodriguez would have an off course excursion early in the race leading to a DNF in a race which saw heavy attrition. Ferrari was going through a battle with the FIA over rule changes made during the off season. As a result, Ferrari did not enter any sports car races as a factory effort in 1968, except one; the Stardust Grand Prix of Las Vegas. The car was the all-new Ferrari 612P, chassis number 0866. Bill Harrah, Ferrari's west coast importer, supplied the funding and the factory assisted the operation with total technical support. Mauro Forghieri was the man largely behind the design of Ferrari's first, true Can Am competitor.

The first generation 612P utilized a trellis frame which was reinforced with riveted and bonded sheet metal. The body was of total glass fibre construction, while the suspension was independent at all four corners. The 612P used a wing mounted just rear of the cockpit. The wing incorporated 2 flaps that were hydraulically operated by a pedal in the cockpit to assist the car in braking. A nose mounted air brake was also incorporated to work in conjunction with the flaps via the pedal. This system of hydraulically actuated flaps proved complex and was not friendly to the over all weight of the car, which tipped the scales at nearly 1700lbs. The real center-piece of the 612P was the engine. At a 6,222cc displacement, it was the largest engine ever constructed by Maranello up to that point in time. The engine was a dual over-head cam design using 48 valves and sporting a 10.5:1 compression ratio. Lucas indirect fuel injection was used to supply the mighty 12 cylinder with fuel, and a dry sump oiling system made sure that all the vital components were supplied with the proper amount of oil. The 612P used a 4 speed gearbox which helped the car put its 620 horsepower to the rear wheels.

Many thought that the rumor of such a large Ferrari was just that, a rumor. The factory sighted the delay of the 612P's debut on the German head gasket manufacturer which was having problems producing the proper gaskets for the largest V-12 to date. Once this was overcome, testing began at Modena where it was hoped the car would break the 50 second barrier. This did not occur, however the 612P did achieve a 50.8 second lap at Modena, enough to satisfy the team and prepare for the race at Las Vegas.

The Ferrari's debut at Las Vegas was nothing short of spectacular. At nearly seven feet wide, and with it's 6.2 litre V-12 producing a raw mechanical sound like nothing else in the field, the 612P was hard to miss to say the least. The factory took this effort very seriously, appointing Franco Gozzi as team manager, Mauro Forghieri as race engineer, and Giulio Borsari to the chief engineering position. Three mechanics were also sent to accompany the car. Chris Amon was appointed the driving duties at Stardust, were he was able to obtain 9th position on the grid with a lap time of 1:32.2. Unfortunately, the weekend would end dismally, for the 612P would suffer clogged injectors leading to a DNF for its debut race.

The Ferrari 612P would reappear in 1969 to do battle in the Can Am, however the Ferrari effort was headed by Kiwi driver Chris Amon with Maranello playing a support role. The first appearance would be at the Watkins Glen Can Am race held in mid-July. Gone were the complex hydraulically-actuated high wing and nose-mounted speed brake. This, along with all new body work, allowed the car to shed some weight. The chassis and engine were the same as the 1968 Las Vegas race, but the weight loss enabled Chris Amon to qualify 3rd, just behind the McLaren M8Bs of Bruce McLaren and Denny Hulme. With such a high qualifying position, it looked to be a promising race for what would become known as the second-generation 612P. Amon remained competitive throughout the race remaining within striking distance of the two bright orange McLarens. The final result would be a 3rd place finish for the Ferrari; but more importantly, a shot in the arm to the Can Am Series which was beginning to suffer from Team McLaren's domination.

Chris Amon would again deliver a spectacular show with the 612P at the following race in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The car was fitted with a new 6.2 litre engine for this event. This proved exciting as the engine is claimed to be why the Ferrari's gearbox broke during practice, but nonetheless, Amon would once again occupy third position on the grid behind the brilliant McLarens of Bruce and Denny. Shortly following the green flag, Amon was able to pass Bruce McLaren's M8B to snatch second position. This started a battle unlike that which the McLaren cars had ever seen. Amon and McLaren would swap second place for several more laps until the M8B's Chevy engine gave out. This left second position to the Ferrari, which it would retain for the remainder of the race.

Amon would continue his streak of podium finishes with the big red Ferrari at Mid Ohio. Despite a poor qualifying result of 12th place, Amon managed to bring the Ferrari up through the pack to finish third, one lap behind the McLarens. Elkhart Lake was the next race, and the Ferrari 612P arrived with a major new aerodynamic wing mounted on struts above the rear of the car. Bracing was used to support the wing struts off the car's roll bar. Amon and the Ferrari would start the race from seventh position, but a faulty fuel pump would lead to an early end for the New Zealand driver and the 612P. Bridgehampton would deliver similar results for Ferrari, as Amon gridded the car in P3, his race would once again be cut short due to a broken oil pump shaft. Pedro Rodriguez would save the prancing horse's reputation at Bridgehampton with his 312P endurance racer. Pedro qualified 11th and drove the 312P to a fifth place finish, some 4 laps down from the leader. Amon would take the big Ferrari to the races at Michigan and Laguna Seca, but engine problems would result in the car not taking to the grid at these two events.




Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Will_Silk

Mercedes-Benz

Mercedes-Benz is a German automobile manufacturer, a multinational division of the German manufacturer Daimler AG. Brand used for luxury cars, buses, coaches, and trucks. Mercedes-Benz headquarters in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
The name first appeared in 1926 under Daimler-Benz, but traces its origins to Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft's 1901 Mercedes and Karl Benz's 1886 Benz Patent Motorwagen, widely regarded as the first gasoline-powered car. Mercedes-Benz slogan is "Das Beste oder nichts" (English: "The best or not"). Mercedes-Benz is part of the "German Big 3" luxury cars, along with Audi and BMW, which is the best-selling luxury car in the world.

Mercedes-Benz History

Karl Benz. Benz made the 1886 Benz Patent-Motorwagen, widely regarded as the first car.

Gottlieb Daimler, founder of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft.
Mercedes-Benz traces its origins to Karl Benz 'creation of the first gasoline-powered car, the Benz Patent Motorwagen, financed by Bertha Benz and patented in January 1886, and Gottlieb Daimler and engineer Wilhelm Maybach's conversion of a stop with the addition of engine gasoline that year. The Mercedes automobile was first marketed in 1901 by Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft. The first Mercedes-Benz brand vehicles produced in 1926, after the merger the company Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler became the company Daimler-Benz. Throughout 1930, Mercedes-Benz produces the Model 770, a popular car during the German Nazi period. Adolf Hitler is known to have driven a car during his time in power, with a bulletproof windshield. Most of the models that are still alive have been sold at auction to a private buyer. One is currently on display at the War Museum in Ottawa, Ontario. Mercedes-Benz has introduced many technological and safety innovations that later became common in other vehicles. Mercedes-Benz is one of the most famous automotive brands and established in the world, and also one of the oldest automotive brand in the world still existing in 2015, having produced the first gasoline-powered car.
For information related to the famous three-pointed star, look under the heading of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft including merger into Daimler-Benz.

Mercedes-Benz Children and alliances

As part of the company Daimler AG, Mercedes-Benz Cars division including Mercedes-Benz and Smart car production. Mercedes-AMG
Mercedes-AMG became a majority owned division of Mercedes-Benz in 1999. The company was integrated into DaimlerChrysler in 1999, and became Mercedes-Benz AMG beginning on January 1, 1999.

McLaren Group

Mercedes-Benz Motorsport

Mercedes-AMG is the official engine supplier for the F1 team's second oldest and most successful to win the Grand Prix, McLaren Racing 1995-2014. In 2013 it was announced that after last year's contract with McLaren Mercedes, Mercedes will be dropped and replaced by Honda, with whom McLaren has won the world championship in the past together.

Mercedes-Benz Car road Manufacturing

From 2003 to 2009, Mercedes is in a joint venture with the McLaren Group to produce the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren. At this time, Mercedes owned 40% of the McLaren Group. Because the Mercedes buy Brawn GP, ​​F1 teams, Mercedes decided to sell their shares back to Ron Dennis, McLaren would like their rivals in the F1 championship.

Mercedes-Benz Maybach

Daimler's ultra-luxury brand Maybach under the Mercedes-Benz car division until 2013, when production was stopped because of poor sales volume. Now there under the name Mercedes-Maybach, with models of ultra-luxury version of the Mercedes, like 2016 Mercedes-Maybach S600.

Mercedes-Benz Production

Factory

In addition to the vehicle native Germany, Mercedes-Benz is also manufactured or assembled in:

Sovereign Country Continent Notes
Argentina
South America
Manufactures buses, trucks and the Sprinter van. This is the first Mercedes-Benz plant outside Germany. Built in 1951.
Austria
Europe

G-Class

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Europe

Brazil
South America produces trucks and buses. Was founded in 1956. The A-Class (W168) was produced from 1999 to 2005 and the C-Class production to 2010 as well.
Canada
North America

Chinese
Asia

Egypt
Africa
Via Egyptian German Automotive Company E-Class, C-Class and GLK

Finland
European New A-series (W176) manufactured in Uusikaupunki since late 2013, became the first passenger car MB ever built in the country
Hungary]
Europe
Jordan
Asia Bus mill company, Elba House, Amman.
India
Asia Bangalore (R & D). Pune (passenger cars). Chennai (Daimler India Commercial Vehicles Pvt Ltd.) - Truck & Machinery Manufacturing units.

Indonesia
Asia / Australia

Iran
Asia Not since 2010
Malaysia
Asia Panel C, E and S class vehicles by DRB-HICOM.

Mexico
Mercedes-Benz North America Mexico fully produce some Mercedes and Daimler vehicles built entirely from locally section (C-Class, E-Class, M-Class, International Truck, Axor, Atego and Mercedes Bus), producing other models in complete knock down kit (CL-Class, CLK-Class, SL-Class, SLK-Class), and produces a number of select models in knockdown kits half that uses components of both imported and locally sourced Mexican component (S-Class, CLS-Class, R-Class , GL-Class, Sprinter).
Nigeria
African Council of buses, trucks, electric motors and the Sprinter van
Philippines
Asia
Russia
Eurasia
The joint venture Mercedes-Benz Trucks Vostok in Naberezhnye Chelny (together Kamaz). Available in truck Actros, Axor, multi-purpose auto four-wheel drive Unimog trucks medium. Classic Mercedes-Benz Sprinter also manufactured in Russia.
Spain
European factory in Vitoria-Gasteiz Mercedes-Benz Vito, Viano and V-Class has been built there.
South Africa
Africa
South Korea
Asia Mercedes-Benz Musso and MB100 models manufactured by SsangYong Motor Company.

Thailand
Asia Panel C, E and S class vehicles by the Thonburi Group
Turkey
Eurasia Mercedes-Benz Türk A.Ş.
English
Europe The SLR sports car is built at the McLaren Technology Centre in Woking. Brackley, Northamptonshire, is home to Mercedes GP factory, and Brixworth, Northamptonshire is the location of Mercedes-Benz HighPerformanceEngines

USA
North American Mercedes-Benz M-Class Sport Utility and the full-sized GL-Class luxury Sport Utility Vehicle are all built in the Mercedes-Benz US International production facility near Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Trucks (6,000 per year in the late seventies) ever assembled in Hampton, VA.

Vietnam
Asia Assembly E-Class, C-Class, S-Class, GLK-Class and the Sprinter. Was established in 1995.

Mercedes-Benz Quality ratings

Since its inception, Mercedes-Benz has maintained its reputation for quality and durability. Objective measures see passenger vehicles, such as JD Power surveys, demonstrated a decrease in reputation in this criteria in the late 1990s and early 2000s. In mid-2005, Mercedes temporarily returned to the industry average for initial quality, the size of the problem after the first 90 days of ownership, according to JD Power. In the JD Power Initial Quality Study for the first quarter of 2007, Mercedes showed dramatic improvement by climbing from 25th to 5th place and received several awards for its models. For 2008, Mercedes-Benz initial quality rating improved by yet another mark, to fourth place. On top of this award, also received the Platinum Plant Quality Award for Mercedes' Sindelfingen, Germany assembly plant. JD Power 2011 US Initial Quality and Vehicle Dependability Study both Mercedes-Benz vehicles ranked above average in build quality and reliability. In 2011 the British JD Power survey, Mercedes rated above average. A 2014 study for Reuters iSeeCars.com find Mercedes has the lowest level of vehicle recall.

Mercedes-Benz Model

Mercedes-Benz A-Class (compact)
Mercedes-Benz C-Class (D-segment)
Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class (4-door coupé)
Mercedes-Benz E-Class (executive cars)

Mercedes W210 Taxi-Version
Mercedes-Benz S-Class (luxury sedan)
Mercedes-Benz SL-Class (Grand Tourer)

Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Black Series (supercar)
Mercedes-Benz M-Class (luxury SUV)
Various models of the moment
Mercedes-Benz offers a wide range of passenger, commercial and heavy commercial equipment light. Vehicles manufactured in several countries around the world. The Smart marque of city cars are also manufactured by Daimler AG.

• A-Class - Hatchback
• B-Class - Multi Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
• C-Class - Saloon, Estate and Coupé
• CLA-Class - 4 door Coupé
• CLS-Class - 4 door Coupé and Estate
• E-Class - Saloon, Estate, Coupé and Cabriolet
• G-Class - Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)
• GL-Class - Large Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)
• GLA-Class - Compact Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) / Crossover
• GLK-Class - Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)
• GLE-Class - Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)
• M-Class - Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)
• S-Class - Luxury Saloon
• SL-Class - Grand Tourer
• SLK-Class - Roadster
• V-Class - Multi Purpose Vehicle (MPV) / Van
• AMG GT - Sports car / supercar
Vans

Mercedes-Benz Sprinter is used as a police bus
Mercedes-Benz manufactures a wide range of vans, Citan (a rebadged version of the Renault Kangoo), Vito and Sprinter.

 

Mercedes-Benz Truck

Mercedes-Benz Zetros is used for snowplowing

Unimog, a famous allround vehicle with Mercedes-Benz
Now Mercedes-Benz Trucks is part of the Daimler Trucks division, and includes companies that are part of the DaimlerChrysler merger. Gottlieb Daimler sold the world's first truck in 1886. The first factory was built outside Germany after World War II was in Argentina. It was originally built trucks, many of which modified independently to buses, popularly named Colectivo. Today, it builds buses, trucks and the Sprinter van.

Mercedes-Benz Buses

Mercedes-Benz manufactures a wide range of buses and coaches, especially to Europe and Asia. The first model produced by Karl Benz in 1895.
Significant models produced
• 1928: SSK racing cars
• 1930: 770 "Großer Mercedes" state and ceremonial cars
• 1934: 500 K
•: 1936 first diesel production car in the world 260 D
• 1936: 170
• 1938: W195 Speed ​​Record-breaker
• 1939: 320A A military vehicle
• 1951: 300, known as the "Adenauer Mercedes"
• 1953: "Ponton" model
• 1954: 300SL "Gullwing"
• 1956: 190SL
• 1959: "Fintail" model
• 1960: 220SE Cabriolet
• 1963: 600 "Grand Mercedes"
• 1963: 230SL "Pagoda"
• 1965: S-Class
• 1966: 300SEL 6.3
• 1968: W114 "new generation" compact car
• 1969: C111 experimental vehicle
• 1972: W107 350SL
• 1974: 450SEL 6.9
• 1977: W123 - Mercedes' first station wagon
• 1978: 300SD - Mercedes' first turbo diesel
• 1979: 500SEL and G-Class
• 1983: 190E 2.3 to 16
• 1989: 300SL, 500SL
• 1990: 500E
• 1991: 600SEL
• 1993: C-Class
• 1995: C43 AMG
• 1995: SL73 AMG, the 7.3 V12
• 1996: SLK
• 1997: the A-Class and M-Class
• 2004: SLR McLaren and CLS-Class
• 2007: E320 BlueTEC, GL320 BlueTEC, ML320 BlueTEC, R320 BlueTEC
• 2010: SLS AMG
• 2013: CLA-Class
The Mercedes-Benz 600 Pullman Guard limousine or 600S offers a choice of armor-plating and has been used by diplomats around the world.

Mercedes-Benz Cars nomenclature

Until 1994, Mercedes-Benz uses an alphanumeric system for categorizing their vehicles, which consist of a sequence of numbers roughly equal to the engine displacement in liters multiplied by 100, followed by an alphabetical suffix indicating the composition of body styles and engine types.
• "C" indicates the cabriolet or coupe body style (eg, CL and CLK models, although the C-Class is an exception, as it is also offered as a sedan).
• "D" indicates the vehicle is equipped with a diesel engine.
• "E" (for "Einspritzung") shows the gasoline engine vehicles equipped with fuel injection. In most cases (of which 600 limousines and Mercedes E-Class being the exception), otherwise the "E" or "D" is present, the vehicle has a gasoline engine with a carburetor.
• "G" was originally used to Gelandewagen off-road vehicles, but now applied to the Mercedes SUV in general (eg, GLA and GLK).
• "K" is used in the 1930s, shows the supercharger ("Kompressor") equipped engines. One exception is the SSK, where K indicates "Kurz" (short-wheelbase).
• "L" indicates "Leicht" (lightweight) for a sports model, and "Lang" (long wheelbase) for the sedan models.
• "R" indicates "Rennen" (racing), used for racing cars (eg, 300SLR).
• "S" Sonderklasse "special class" for a flagship model, including the S-Class and SL-Class, SLR McLaren and SLS sportscars.
• "T" indicates "Touring" and the real (or station wagon) body style.

Some models in 1950 also had a small letter (b, c, and d) to indicate a certain trim levels. For other models, the numerical part of the designation does not correspond to the engine displacement. This is done to show the position of the model in the model range of independent displacement or in the price matrix. For these vehicles, the actual displacement in liters is suffixed with the model designation. The exception is the 190 class with a numerical designation "190" to indicate the entry level in the model along with the label displacement on the right side of the boot (190E 2.3 to 2.3-liter 4-cylinder gasoline engine 190D 2.5 to 2.5-liter 5-cylinder diesel motors , etc). Some older models (such as the SS and SSK) did not have a number as part of the appointment altogether.
For the 1994 model year, Mercedes-Benz revised the naming system. The model is divided into "classes" is represented by the setting up of three letters (see "various models now" above), followed by three digits (or two-digit for AMG models, with approximately the same amount of displacement in liters multiplied by 10) numbers associated with engine displacements as before. Variants of the same model as the real version or vehicles with diesel engines are no longer given a separate letter. SLR, SLS and GT supercar does not carry a numerical designation.

Nowadays, many numerical designations no longer reflect the actual displacement engine, but more than the performance and marketing relative position. Although the two-liter engine displacement, at A45 AMG powerplant produces 355 brake horsepower so that a higher designation to show greater performance. Another example is the E250 CGI has greater performance than the E200 CGI because of different engine tuning though both have a 1.8-liter engine. From a marketing perspective, the E200 seems to be more "upscale" than E180. AMG model recently used "63" designation (to honor the 1960 6.3-liter M100 engine) despite well-equipped 6.2-liter (M156) or 5.5-liter (M157) engine.

Some models carry the designation further demonstrates special features:

• "4MATIC" indicates the vehicle is equipped with all-wheel-drive.
• "Bluetec" indicates a diesel engine with selective catalytic reduction exhaust aftertreatment.
• "BlueEFFICIENCY" show special features fuel economy (direct injection, start-stop system, aerodynamic modifications, etc.)
• "CGI" (Charged Gasoline Injection) indicates gasoline direct injection.
• "CDI" (Common-rail Direct Injection) shows the common-rail diesel.
• "Hybrid" show petrol- or diesel-electric hybrid.
• "NGT" indicates natural gas fueled engines.
• "Kompressor" shows the supercharged engine.
• "Turbo" indicates turbocharged engine, only used on the A-, B-, E and GLK-Class models.
• "AMG Line" shows the interior or engine, depending on the car, has been equipped with their AMG luxury sports cars

The model designation badges can be deleted at the request of customers.

2015 and beyond
Rationalization of the model nomenclature announced in November 2014 a future model. Consolidate many confusing nomenclature changes and their placement in a variety of models such as the CL-Class is now called the S-Class Coupé. Naming structure is divided into four categories: core, off-road vehicle / SUV, 4-door coupé and roadster. G-Class, V-Class, and Mercedes-AMG GT is not affected by the change.
Off-Road Vehicles core / SUV 4-door Coupé Roadster
GLA class CLA
B-Class
C-Class GLC
(Previous GLK) SLC
(Previous SLK)
E-Class GLE
(Previous ML)
S-Class GLS
(Previous GL) CLS SL
Note: CLA is positioned between the A- and B-Class models, while the CLS sits between the E- and S-Class.
In addition to the revised nomenclature, Mercedes-Benz has a new nomenclature for the system drive.
New Flow Example
Natural Gas drive c for "compressed natural gas" B 200 c
BlueTEC
CDI d for "diesel" E 350 d
GLA 200 d
PLUG-IN HYBRID **
E electric drive for "electricity" S 500 E
B 250 E
Fuel Cell f for "fuel cell" B 200 f
HYBRID
BlueTEC HYBRID h for the "hybrid" S 400 h
E 300 h
4MATIC 4MATIC E 400 4MATIC
Notes environment
Mercedes-Benz has developed a multi-car concept with alternative propulsion, such as hybrid-electric, fully electric, and fuel cell powertrains. At the 2007 Frankfurt motor show, Mercedes-Benz showed seven hybrid models, including the F700 concept car, powered by a hybrid-electric drivetrain featuring DiesOtto engine In 2009, Mercedes-Benz displayed three BlueZero concept at the North American International Auto Show. Each car has a different powertrain - the electric battery, fuel cell electric and gasoline-electric hybrid. In the same year, Mercedes also showed concept Vision S500 PHEV with 19 miles (31 km) all-electric range and CO 2 emissions of 74 g / km in the New European Driving Cycle.

Since 2002, Mercedes-Benz has developed the F-Cell fuel cell vehicle. The current version, based on the B-Class, has a range of 250 miles and is available for rent, with volume production scheduled to begin in 2014. Mercedes has also announced the SLS AMG E-Cell, fully electric version of the SLS sports car, with deliveries expected in 2013. The Mercedes-Benz S400 BlueHYBRID launched in 2009, and was the first production automotive hybrid in the world to use lithium-ion batteries. In mid-2010, production began on the Vito E-Cell all-electric van. Mercedes expects 100 vehicles that will be produced in late 2010 and further in 2000 by the end of 2011.

fleet of small electric cars in two to three years. Mercedes-Benz and Smart are preparing for a broad uptake of electric vehicles (EV) in the United Kingdom by starting the installation of charging points in their dealer network. So far 20 Elektrobay charging units, manufactured in the UK by Brighton-based Elektromotive, have been installed at seven locations as part of a pilot project, and further expansion of the initiative is planned later in 2010
In the US, Mercedes-Benz assessed a record US $ 30.66 million fine for their decision not to meet the average federal fuel economy standard company in 2009. Some of Mercedes-Benz cars, including the S550, and all AMG models sold in the United States, also face an additional gas guzzler tax. However, the new AMG model is equipped with a M157 machine will not be a gas-guzzler tax, due to the increase in fuel economy, and newer models are supported by the M276 and M278 engine will have fuel economy better. In 2008, Mercedes also had the worst CO2 average of all the major European manufacturers, ranking 14th out of 14 manufacturers. Mercedes was also the worst manufacturer in 2007 and 2006 in terms of average CO 2 levels, with 181 g and 188 g of CO 2 emitted per km, respectively.

Mercedes-Benz Bicycle

Mercedes-Benz Accessories GmbH introduced three new bikes in 2005, and has been developed to include a wide range of patent pending Foldingbike in 2007. Other models, including the Mercedes-Benz Carbon Bike, Trekking Bike, Fitness Bike and Bicycle Trailblazer.
Motorsport

A DMG Mercedes Simplex 1906 Deutsches Museum
The two companies that merged to form Mercedes-Benz brand in 1926 had both already enjoyed success in the new sport of motor racing throughout the history of each. A single Benz competed in the first race in the world of motorcycles, 1894 Paris-Rouen, where Émile Roger finished 14 within 10 hours 1 minute. Throughout its long history, the company has been involved in various motorsport activities, including sports car racing and rallying. On several occasions Mercedes-Benz has withdrawn completely from motorsport for a significant period of time, especially in the late 1930s, and after the 1955 Le Mans disaster, where a Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR crashed into another car (An Austin Healey-), took off to tribune, and killed more than 80 spectators. Stirling Moss and co-driver Denis Jenkinson made history by winning the 1955 Mille Miglia road race in Italy during the record-breaking drive with an average speed of nearly 98 mph in a Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR. Although there was some activity in the years, it was not until 1987 that Mercedes-Benz returned to front line competition, returning to Le Mans, Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM), and Formula One with Sauber. The 1990s saw Mercedes-Benz purchase British engine builder Ilmor (now Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines), and campaign IndyCars under USAC / CART rules, eventually winning the 1994 Indianapolis 500 and 1994 CART IndyCar World Series Championship with Al Unser, Jr. behind the wheel. The 1990s also saw the return of Mercedes-Benz to GT racing, and Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR, both of which took the company to new heights by dominating the FIA ​​GT1 class.

Mercedes-Benz is currently active in three forms of motorsport, Formula Three, DTM and Formula One.

Article Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz

Bugatti

Ettore Bugatti car is a French car manufacturer of high performance automobiles, was founded in 1909 in the city then Germany Molsheim, Alsace by Italian -born Ettore Bugatti. Bugatti cars are known for the beauty of their designs (Ettore Bugatti comes from a family of artists and considered himself to be an artist and constructor) and for the many victories of their race. Type 35 Bugattis including the famous Grand Prix car, the Type 41 "Royale", the Type 57 "Atlantic" and the Type 55 sports car.

Ettore Bugatti's death in 1947 proved to be the end for the marque, and the death of his son Jean Bugatti in 1939 certainly no substitute for a lead factory. No more than about 8,000 cars were made. The company struggled financially, and released one last model in 1950, before finally purchased for aircraft parts business in the 1960s. In the 1990s, an Italian businessman was revived as a builder of limited production exclusive sports cars. Today, the name is owned by the German automobile manufacturing group Volkswagen.

Under Ettore Bugatti

Founder Ettore Bugatti was born in Milan, Italy, and the car company that bears his name was founded in 1909 in Molsheim located in the Alsace region which is part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1919. The company is well known for the level of detail engineering in the car, and for how artistic where the design was executed, given the artistic nature of Ettore family (his father, Carlo Bugatti (1856-1940), was an important Art Nouveau furniture and jewelry designer).

World War I and its aftermath

During the war Ettore Bugatti sent away, first to Milan and then to Paris, but once hostilities have concluded he returned to his factory in Molsheim. Less than four months after the Versailles Treaty formalized the transfer of Alsace from Germany to France, Bugatti is able to obtain, at the last minute, standing at 15 Paris Motor Show in October 1919. He exhibited three cars lighter, everything is based closely on the pre-war equivalent to them, and each equipped with the same overhead camshaft four-cylinder 1,368cc engine with four valves per cylinder. The smallest of the three is the "Type 13" by the racing body (built by Bugatti himself) and use a chassis with 2,000 mm (78.7 in) wheelbase. The other is a "Type 22" and "Type 23" with wheelbases of 2,250 and 2,400 mm (88.6 and 94.5 in) respectively.

Racing success

The company also enjoyed great success in early Grand Prix motor racing: in 1929 entered the private Bugatti won the first Grand Prix of Monaco. Racing success culminated with driver Jean-Pierre Wimille winning the 24 hours of Le Mans twice (in 1937 with Robert Benoist and 1939 with Pierre Veyron).

Bugatti cars were extremely successful in racing. Little Bugatti Type 10 swept the first four positions in the race. 1924 Bugatti Type 35 is probably the most successful racing cars of all time, with more than 2,000 victories. Bugattis swept to victory in the Targa Florio for five consecutive years from 1925 to 1929. Louis Chiron held the most podiums in Bugatti cars, and marque modern revival of Bugatti Automobiles SAS was named 1999 Bugatti 18/3 Chiron concept car in his honor. But the success of the last race at Le Mans the most remembered-Jean-Pierre Wimille and Pierre Veyron won the 1939 race with just one car and little resources.

Aeroplane racing

In 1930, Ettore Bugatti was involved in the creation of an air racer, hoping to beat Germany in the Deutsch de la Meurthe prize. It will be the Bugatti 100P, which never flew. It was designed by Belgian engineer Louis de Monge already applied engines Bugatti Brescia in "Type 7.5" lifting body.

Railcar

Ettore Bugatti also designed a successful motorized railcar, Autorail (Autorail Bugatti).
A family tragedy
Ettore Bugatti's son's death, Jean Bugatti, on August 11, 1939 marks a turning point in the company's fortunes. Jean died while testing the Type 57 tank-bodied race car near the Molsheim factory.

After World War II

World War II left the Molsheim factory in ruins and the company loses control of the property. During the war, Bugatti planned a new factory at Levallois, a suburb northwest of Paris. After the war, Bugatti designed and planned to build a series of new cars, including the car Type 73 and Type 73C single-seat racing car, but in all Bugatti Type 73 was built only five cars.
375 cc supercharged car development was stopped when Ettore Bugatti died on August 21, 1947. After the death of Ettore Bugatti, the business declined further and make his final appearance as a business in its own right at the Paris Motor Show in October 1952.
After a long decline, the original incarnation of the Bugatti ceased operations in 1952.

Design

Bugattis which was focused on the design. engine block hand scraped to ensure that the surface is so flat that gaskets are not required for sealing, a lot of exposed surface of featured guilloche engine compartment (engine start) completed on them, and a security cable was threaded through almost every fastener in intricate patterns are mixed. Instead bolt springs to the axle because most manufacturers do, Bugatti forged axle so the spring passed though the opening carefully sized in the axle, which is much more elegant solution requires fewer parts. He describes the famous arch competitors Bentley car's as "the world's fastest trucks" for focusing on durability. According to Bugatti, "the weight is the enemy".

The most important models built

Prototypes Road Car Racing Car

• 1900-1901 Type 2
• 1903 Type 5
• 1908 Type 10 "Petit Pur Sang"
• 1925 Type 36
• 1929-1930 Type 45/47
• Type 56 (electric cars)
• 1939 Type 64 (coupe)
• 1943/1947 Type 73C
• 1910-1914 Type 13/15 Type / 17/22
• 1912 Type 16 "Bebe"
• 1922-1926 Type 29 "Cigare"
• 1923 Type 32 "Tank"
• 1924-1930 Type 35 / 35A / 35B / 35T / 35C / 37/39 "Grand Prix"
• 1927-1930 Type 52 (electric racer for kids)
• 1936-1939 Type 57g "Tank"
• 1937-1939 Type 50B
• 1931-1936 Type 53
• 1931-1936 Type 51 / 51A / 54GP / 59
• 1955-1956 Type 251
• 1910 Type 13
• 1912-1914 Type 18
• 1913-1914 Type 23 / Brescia Tourer (roadster)
• 1922-1934 Type 30/38/40/43/44/49 (touring car)
• 1927-1933 Type 41 "Royale"
• 1929-1939 Type 46/50 / 50T (touring car)
• 1932-1935 Type 55 (roadster)
• 1934-1940 Type 57 / 57S / Type 57SC (touring car)
• 1951-1956 Type 101 (coupe)
• 1957-1962 Type 252 (2-seater sports convertible)
Gallery
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1913 Bugatti 22, 3 seats Vinet
•
1938 Type 57SC Atlantic from the Ralph Lauren collection
•
1933 Type 59 Grand Prix racer from the Ralph Lauren collection
Victory Racing
Year Race Car Driver
Voiturettes 1921 Grand Prix Ernest Friderich
1925 Targa Florio
Bartolomeo Costantini
Type 35

1926 Grand Prix of France
Jules Goux
Type 39 A

1926 Grand Prix of Italy
Louis Charavel
1926 Grand Prix of Spain
Bartolomeo Costantini
1926 Targa Florio Bartolomeo Costantini type 35 T
1927 Grand Prix of Italy
Tazio Nuvolari
Type 35C
1927 Targa Florio Emilio Materassi
Type 35C
1928 French Grand Prix William Grover-Williams
Type 35C
Grand Prix of Italy Louis Chiron

Spanish Grand Prix Louis Chiron
Targa Florio Albert Divo
Type 35 B
1929 French Grand Prix William Grover-Williams Type 35 B
Grand Prix of Germany
Louis Chiron
Spanish Grand Prix Louis Chiron
Monaco Grand Prix
William Grover-Williams Type 35 B
Targa Florio Albert Divo Type 35C
1930 Belgian Grand Prix
Louis Chiron
Grand Prix of Czechoslovakia
Heinrich-Joachim von Morgen and Hermann zu Leiningen
Grand Prix of France Philippe Étancelin
Type 35C
Monaco Grand Prix René Dreyfus

1931 Belgian Grand Prix William Grover-Williams and Caberto Conelli

Grand Prix of Czechoslovakia Louis Chiron
Grand Prix of France Louis Chiron and Achille Varzi
Type 51

Monaco Grand Prix Louis Chiron
1932 Grand Prix of Czechoslovakia Louis Chiron
1933 Grand Prix of Czechoslovakia Louis Chiron
Monaco Grand Prix Achille Varzi
1934 Belgian Grand Prix René Dreyfus

1936 Grand Prix of France Jean-Pierre Wimille and Raymond Sommer
Type 57 G

1937 24 hours of Le Mans
Jean-Pierre Wimille and Robert Benoist
Type 57 G
1939 24 hours of Le Mans Jean-Pierre Wimille and Pierre Veyron
Type 57 C
1956 Formula One
(Key)
Year Chassis Engine (s) Ban Driver 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Points WCC
1956
Bugatti Type 251
Bugatti Straight-8
D
ARG
MON
500
BEL
FRA
GBR
GER
I TA
0 * - *
Maurice Trintignant
Wet
* World Championship Constructors' not given prior to 1958.
An important finding in the modern era
Relatives of Dr. Harold Carr found the rare 1937 Bugatti Type 57S Atalante when cataloging items doctor after his death in 2009. Dr. Carr Type 57S is important because it was originally owned by British race car driver Earl Howe. Since many automobile original equipment intact, can be restored without relying on replacement parts.

On July 10, 2009, 1925 Bugatti Type 22 Brescia that lie at the bottom of Lake Maggiore on the border of Switzerland and Italy for 75 years was recovered from the lake. The Mullin Museum in Oxnard, California bought it at auction for $ 351,343 at Bonham's Retromobile sale in Paris in 2010.

Revival effort

The Company seeks comeback under Roland Bugatti in the mid-1950s to the mid-engined Type 251 race car. Designed with the help of Gioacchino Colombo, the car failed to perform to expectations and the company's efforts in the production of the car is stopped.

In 1960, Virgil Exner designed a Bugatti as part of the "Revival Cars" project. A version of the show car is actually built by Ghia using the last Bugatti Type 101 chassis, and is displayed in the 1965 Turin Motor Show. Finance will not come, and Exner then turned his attention to the revival of Stutz.
Bugatti continues to manufacture aircraft parts and sold to Hispano-Suiza, also a former auto maker turned aircraft supplier, in 1963. Snecma took over Hispano-Suiza in 1968. After obtaining Messier, Messier joined Snecma and Messier-Bugatti to Bugatti in 1977 ,

Modern revival

Bugatti Automobili SpA 1987-1995

Bugatti EB110 (1996)

Italian businessman Romano Artioli acquired the Bugatti brand in 1987, and established Bugatti Automobili SpA. Giampaolo Benedini Bugatti commissioned architects to design a factory built in Campogalliano, Italy.

In 1989 plans for the new Bugatti revival were presented by Paolo Stanzani and Marcello Gandini, the designer of the Lamborghini Miura and Lamborghini Countach. Bugatti called their first production vehicle that Bugatti EB110 GT. Bugatti EB110 sports cars advertised as the most technically advanced ever produced.

Famous race car designer Mauro Forghieri Bugatti served as technical director from 1992 to 1994.
On August 27, 1993 through its investment company, ACBN Holdings SA of Luxembourg, Romano Artioli bought Lotus Cars from General Motors. Bugatti made plans to list the company's shares on international stock exchanges.

Bugatti presented a large sedan called the EB112 prototype in 1993.

Perhaps the owner of the most famous Bugatti EB110 is a seven-time Formula One World Champion driver Michael Schumacher who purchased EB110 in 1994. Schumacher sold EB110, which had been repaired after a severe accident in 1994, to Modena Motorsport, Ferrari service and race preparation garage in Germany.

At the time EB110 came to market, North American and European economy in recession. Poor economic conditions force companies to fail and cease operations in September 1995. A special model for the US market called the "Bugatti America" ​​was at the stage of preparation when the company ceased operations.

Liquidator Bugatti sold Lotus Cars for Proton from Malaysia. The German company Dauer Racing bought EB110 license and remaining stock of parts in 1997 to produce five vehicle EB110 SS. The fifth version of the EB110 SS was very refined by Dauer. The Campogalliano plant was sold to a furniture-making firm, which then collapsed before moving on, leaving the building empty. After Dauer stopped producing cars in 2011, Toscana-Motors GmbH of Germany to buy shares remaining part of Dauer.

Bugatti Automobiles SAS 1998-present

Bugatti Veyron 16.4

Volkswagen AG acquired the Bugatti brand in 1998.

Bugatti Automobiles SAS was assigned Giorgetto Giugiaro of Italdesign to produce the first Bugatti vehicle concept, EB118, a coupé that made its debut at the 1998 Paris Auto Show. EB118 concept featuring 408- kilowatts (555 PS; 547 bhp), W-18 engine. After the debut of Paris, the EB118 concept shown again in 1999 at the Geneva Auto Show and the Tokyo Motor Show.

Bugatti introduced the next concept, the EB 218 at the 1999 Geneva Motor Show and 18/3 Chiron at the 1999 Frankfurt Motor Show (IAA).

Bugatti Automobiles SAS began to assemble vehicles first regular-production, Bugatti Veyron 16.4 (1001 BHP supercar with the W-16 8-liter engine with four turbochargers) in September 2005 on the Bugatti Molsheim, France assembly "studio". On February 23, 2015, last sold Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse, named La Finale.

Article Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugatti

Bugatti

Can You Afford to Own a Bugatti Veyron? Probably Not!

I remember my first look at the awesome Bugatti Veyron. It was on an episode of Top gear where Jeremy Clarkson drove the beast of a machine from Italy to the UK in a race against his co-hosts, Richard Hammond and James May who were doing the same route in a small passenger plane. After watching that episode and hearing all about the car, I thought to myself: "That would be an awesome car to own!" For this reason I own many Bugatti Veyron... Pics! It turns out however, that even if you can afford the enormous Bugatti Veyron price tag of the car, chances are you won't be able to afford to maintain it.

A recent comparison was done between the maintenance costs of a Bugatti compared to a small private jet. The results may surprise you:

If you manage to find a car dealer in your vicinity that actually has a Bugatti for sale, you could expect to pay about $2,128,230 for the car. Once you have plucked up the courage to pay for the car, you need to be prepared to pay for the service plan which will set you back about $20,000 a year. $20,000 for an annual service is almost 8 times the amount it would cost you to service a Ferrari Enzo. OUCH! The Bugatti uses tailor made tires which manufacturers advise you replace every 2500 miles. Replacing the tyres will set you back about $10 000 - EACH! That's $40 000 per set of tyres. The manufactures of the Bugatti Veyron (who clearly think money grows on trees) also advise that you replace the cars wheels every fourth tyre change to ensure optimal performance and safety. Not a problem, I'm all for safety. However, when wheels cost $60 000 to replace then I think I'd rather just take my chances with the ones I already have.

So now, if you take into account all of the above costs and add in the costs for insurance (I shudder at the thought) and fuel, your annual costs for owning this beast of a machine start to near the $300,000 mark. That is a lot of money.

Perhaps, you have a car dealer nearby and feel you can afford the above costs for the Bugatti Veyron because you like to travel in style. This is why we've compared it to costs for a private jet, I mean, what's more comfortable than travelling in a private jet?

I don't want to go in to too much detail about the costs of owning a private jet, but what I can tell you is that it will cost you about $200 000 a year for a medium sized private jet. This includes all maintenance costs, catering costs as well as paying someone to fly the thing. Value for money springs to mind in this instance.



Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Dave_Ackermann

2004 Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4 Overview

The Bugatti Veyron requires no introduction; it's known for having 1,001 horsepower. It's the world's fastest production car at 268 MPH, a title that the McLaren F1 held from 1998 to 2005. It's known for 0 to 60 MPH acceleration in 2.6 seconds. And it's known for the most expensive price tag of $1.7 million USD. The Bugatti Veyron is the most recognized supercar in the world, among the likes of the Ferrari Enzo, Pagani Zonda, Lamborghini Murcielago, Ford GT40, and the McLaren F1; but does top speed and over 4-digit horsepower equate into a great supercar?

The Veyron has been around since 2005. It's been tested by BBC's acclaimed Top Gear program and bought by oil sheiks from around the world. It's made other automotive manufactures scratch their heads for years and has spawned dozens of "wanna-be" manufacturers who seek to topple the 1,001 horsepower Veyron. For instance, the SSC Ultimate Aero, built by Shelby SuperCars, challenged the Veyron's top speed by beating the original Veyron's record of 253.81 MPH in 2005 by 2.37 MPH. The SSC Ultimate Aero set a new record of 256.18 MPH in 2007. Three years later, in 2010, the Bugatti Veyron Super Sport once again took the record with a speed 11.676 MPH faster than the SSC Ultimate Aero, topping off at a cool 267.856 MPH as the world's fastest production car.

An 8.0-liter W16 quad turbocharged engine yields an output of 1,001 horsepower for the Veyron. The car nomenclature, the Bugatti Veyron 16.4, indicates a 16 cylinder engine with 4 turbochargers. Impressive output for an 8.0-liter engine considering the Bugatti's engine is smaller than a Dodge Viper's, yet yields nearly double the power. Putting 1,001 horses to the ground is certainly a challenge, so Bugatti decided to implement a permanent four wheel drive system paired to a dual-clutch 7 speed automatic transmission that allows for shifts in under 150 milliseconds, faster than Chuck Norris' punches.

The tires for the Bugatti are specially manufactured by Michelin and can only be changed in France for a recession competitive price of $70,000. That doesn't even include the cost of the specially designed Michelin tires that cost $25,000 for the set.

The size and complexity of the engine requires a significant amount of cooling to make sure that the car does not overheat. It takes 10 radiators to keep the car cool, 3 engine radiators, 3 air-to-liquid intercoolers, 1 for the air condition, 1 for the transmission oil, 1 for the differential oil and 1 for the engine oil. The engine configuration also leads to a fairly impressive, yet relatively unimportant fact that the EPA MPG rating for the Veyron is a mere 8 MPG in the city and 13 MPG on the highway and a whooping 3 MPG when driving at top speed.

Due to the large 8.0-liter W16 and the four-wheel drive system, the Veyron weighs 1,888 kg (4,162 lbs), considerably light considering its size and configuration. The Veyron weights just 7% more than a Chevrolet Camaro (3,860 lbs) and 16% more than a Mercedes-Benz SLS (3,600 lbs). Nonetheless, the weight doesn't stop the Bugatti from accelerating from 0 to 60 MPH in 2.6, something that a lightweight, 2,954 lb (1,340 kg) Gallardo LP-570-4 Supperleggera does in only 3.3 seconds.

Despite impressive figures no matter where you look, the Bugatti does lack the flair that a Lamborghini offers, or the finesse of an Aston Martin. The car design is just plain boring. A well-rounded watermelon that can do 260 MPH is impressive on paper, but the engine compartment just looks like a few round tubes and the front end looks like an overweight whale. The design is even further put into question considering the nearly dozen variants of the car that exist, from an all chrome Veyron, to the Bleu Centenaire, a matte blue that Bugatti created to celebrate their 100th anniversary.

Design goofs or not, the Bugatti is still an extremely popular car, with all the original 300 Veyrons sold as of September 2011, there really is no disputing that the car is highly desirable. The only other option from this point is to upgrade to the $2.7 million, 1,184 horsepower Bugatti Veyron Super Sport, or convert to the more luxurious and just barely more tame Bugatti Galibier.



Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ivan_Rudnitsky